Guanidine compound

ABSTRACT

[Problem] 
     The present invention provides a compound which is useful as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition, in particular, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating VAP-1-related diseases. 
     [Means for Solution] 
     The present inventors have conducted intensive studies on a compound having a VAP-1 inhibitory activity, and as a result, they have found that the compound or a salt thereof of the present invention exhibits an excellent VAP-1 inhibitory activity and is useful for preventing and/or treating VAP-1-related diseases, in particular, diabetic nephropathy or diabetic macular edema, thereby completing the present invention. In addition, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition, in particular, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating VAP-1-related diseases, which comprises the compound or a salt thereof of the present invention, and an excipient.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a guanidine compound which is useful as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition, in particular, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating vascular adhesion protein-1 (hereinafter abbreviated as VAP-1)-related diseases.

BACKGROUND ART

VAP-1 is an amine oxidase (semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase, SSAO) which is abundant in human plasma (Non-Patent Document 1), and shows remarkably increased expression in vascular endothelium and vascular smooth muscle of inflammatory regions. While the physiological role of VAP-1 has not been clarified until recently, VAP-1 gene was cloned in 1998, and VAP-1 has been reported to be a membrane protein that regulates rolling and migration of lymphocytes and NK cells as an adhesion molecule under regulation of expression by inflammatory cytokines. Although the amine acting as a substrate is unknown, it is considered to be methylamine generated in any part of a living body. It is also known that hydrogen peroxide and aldehydes produced due to the amine oxidase activity in the molecule are important factors of adhesion activity.

A recent report has demonstrated that the VAP-1 enzyme activity in plasma increases in patients with diabetes mellitus, whether type I or type II, and the increase is particularly remarkable in patients with diabetes mellitus suffering from retinopathy complications (Non-Patent Documents 2 and 3).

In addition, it has been reported that VAP-1 is related to the following diseases:

(1) cirrhosis, essential stabilized hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and arthrosis (Patent Documents 1 and 2);

(2) endothelium damage (in diabetes mellitus, arterosclerosis, and hypertension), cardiovascular diseases related to diabetes mellitus and uremia, pain related to gout and arthritis, and retinopathy (in diabetes mellitus patients) (Patent Document 3);

(3) inflammatory diseases or conditions (of connective tissue) (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease, Reiter's syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome, Behcet's syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, eosinophilic fasciitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, polymyalgia rheumatica, vasculitis, temporal arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, mixed connective tissue disease, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis); gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases or conditions [Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon), fibrotic conditions of the liver, inflammation of the oral mucosa (stomatitis), and recurrent aphtous stomatitis]; central nervous system inflammatory diseases or conditions (multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and ischemia-reperfusion injury related to ischemic stroke); pulmonary inflammatory diseases or conditions (asthma, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease); (chronic) skin inflammatory diseases or conditions (psoriasis, allergic lesions, lichen planus, pityriasis rosea, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and pityriasis rubra pilaris); diseases related to carbohydrate metabolism (diabetes mellitus and complications from diabetes mellitus) including microvascular and macrovascular diseases (arterosclerosis, vascular retinopathies, retinopathy, nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome and neuropathy (polyneuropathy, mononeuropathies and autonomic neuropathy), foot ulcers, joint problems, and increased risk of infection); diseases related to aberrations in adipocyte differentiation or function or smooth muscle cell function (arterosclerosis and obesity); vascular diseases [atheromatous arterosclerosis, nonatheromatous arterosclerosis, ischemic heart disease including myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial occlusion, Raynaud's disease and phenomenon, and thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)]; chronic arthritis; inflammatory bowel diseases; and skin dermatoses (Patent Documents 4, 5, and 6, and Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5);

(4) diabetes mellitus (Patent Document 7);

(5) SSAO-mediated complications [diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)) and vascular complications (heart attack, angina, strokes, amputations, blindness, and renal insufficiency)], and macular edema (for example, diabetic and non-diabetic macular edema) (Patent Documents 8 and 9); and

(6) hepatitis, transplantation, and the like.

Accordingly, the compounds acting on a VAP-1 enzyme may be used as an agent for preventing and/or treating the above-described diseases.

On the other hand, in Patent Document 9, it is disclosed that a compound represented by the formula (A) has a VAP-1 inhibitory activity.

(wherein Z represents

For the other symbols in the formula, refer to the corresponding patent publications)

Further, in Patent Document 10, it is disclosed that a compound represented by the formula (B) has a VAP-1 inhibitory activity.

(For the symbols in the formula, refer to the corresponding patent publications)

In Patent Document 11, it is disclosed that a compound represented by the formula (C) has a VAP-1 inhibitory activity and is effective in applications for treatment of VAP-1-related diseases, in particular, macular edema.

(wherein Z represents

For the other symbols in the formula, refer to the corresponding patent publications)

In addition, in Patent Document 12, it is disclosed that a compound represented by the formula (D) has a VAP-1 inhibitory activity.

(wherein)

D represents —NR³ and E represents amino which may be substituted (optionally substituted amino), for the other symbols, refer to the corresponding patent publications)

In Patent Document 13, it is disclosed that a compound represented by the formula (E) has a VAP-1 inhibitory activity.

(wherein

X represents a divalent residue derived from thiazole which may be substituted (divalent residue derived from optionally substituted thiazole),

Z represents A-B-D-E, A represents a divalent residue derived from benzene which may be substituted (divalent residue derived from optionally substituted benzene) or a divalent residue derived from thiophene which may be substituted (divalent residue derived from optionally substituted thiophene), B represents —(CH₂)_(l)—NR²—CO—, D represents —NR³, and E represents amino which may be substituted (optionally substituted amino), for the other symbols, refer to the corresponding patent publications)

In Patent Document 14, it is disclosed that a compound represented by the formula (F) has a GPR119 agonistic activity, and is thus useful for, for example, treatment of diabetes mellitus or the like.

(For the symbols in the formula, refer to the corresponding patent publications)

In Patent Document 15, it is disclosed that a compound represented by the formula (G) has a GPR119 agonistic activity, and is thus useful for, for example, treatment of diabetes mellitus or the like.

(For the symbols in the formula, refer to the corresponding patent publications)

In Patent Document 16, which is a patent application published after the filing date of the application which forms the basis of the priority of the present application, it is disclosed that a compound represented by the formula (H) has a VAP-1 activity.

RELATED ART Patent Document

-   Patent Document 1: JP-A-61-239891 -   Patent Document 2: U.S. Pat. No. 4,888,283 -   Patent Document 3: Pamphlet of International Publication WO 93/23023 -   Patent Document 4: Pamphlet of International Publication WO 02/02090 -   Patent Document 5: Pamphlet of International Publication WO 02/02541 -   Patent Document 6: US Patent Application Publication No.     2002/0173521 -   Patent Document 7: Pamphlet of International Publication WO 02/38152 -   Patent Document 8: Pamphlet of International Publication WO 02/38153 -   Patent Document 9: Pamphlet of International Publication WO     04/067521 -   Patent Document 10: Pamphlet of International Publication WO     06/011631 -   Patent Document 11: Pamphlet of International Publication WO     04/087138 -   Patent Document 12: Pamphlet of International Publication WO     09/145,360 -   Patent Document 13: Pamphlet of International Publication WO     09/096,609 -   Patent Document 14: Pamphlet of International Publication WO     08/025,800 -   Patent Document 15: Pamphlet of International Publication WO     08/070,692 -   Patent Document 16: Pamphlet of International Publication WO     11/034,078

Non-Patent Document

-   Non-Patent Document 1: J Neural Transm, Vol. 114, pp. 747-749, 2007 -   Non-Patent Document 2: Diabetologia, Vol. 42, pp. 233-237, 1999 -   Non-Patent Document 3: Diabetic Medicine, Vol. 16, pp. 514-521, 1999 -   Non-Patent Document 4: Diabetologia, Vol. 40, pp. 1243-1250, 1997 -   Non-Patent Document 5: J Neural Transm, Vol. 114, pp. 841-843, 2007

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION Problems to be Solved by the Invention

The present invention provides a compound which is useful as an active ingredient of a pharmaceutical composition, in particular, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating VAP-1-related diseases.

Means for Solving the Problems

The present inventors have conducted intensive studies on a compound having a VAP-1 inhibitory activity, and as a result, they have found that a compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof exhibits an excellent VAP-1 inhibitory activity and is useful for preventing and/or treating VAP-1-related diseases, in particular, diabetic nephropathy or diabetic macular edema, thereby completing the present invention.

That is, the present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof and an excipient.

(wherein

A is aryl which may be substituted, or a hetero ring group which may be substituted,

R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, or lower alkyl which may be substituted,

E is a single bond, or lower alkylene which may be substituted,

G is a single bond, O, NH, or N(lower alkyl which may be substituted),

J is a single bond, or lower alkylene which may be substituted,

L is O, NH, or N(lower alkyl which may be substituted),

U is a single bond, O, NH, N(lower alkyl which may be substituted), SO₂, or lower alkylene which may be substituted,

V is a single bond, O, NH, N(lower alkyl which may be substituted), or lower alkylene which may be substituted,

W is a single bond, SO, SO₂, or lower alkylene which may be substituted,

X is H, OH, NH₂, lower alkyl which may be substituted, O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted), N(lower alkyl which may be substituted)₂, NH—SO₂-(lower alkyl which may be substituted), N(lower alkyl which may be substituted)-SO₂— (lower alkyl which may be substituted), cycloalkyl which may be substituted, O— (cycloalkyl which may be substituted), cycloalkenyl which may be substituted, aryl which may be substituted, O— (aryl which may be substituted), a hetero ring group which may be substituted, or O— (hetero ring group which may be substituted).)

Furthermore, unless specified otherwise, in the case where the symbols of the chemical formulae in the present specification are also used in other chemical formulae, the same symbols denote the same meanings.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof, and an excipient.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition, in particular, a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating VAP-1-related diseases, which comprises the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof, and an excipient.

In addition, the present invention relates to use of the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof for the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for preventing and/or treating VAP-1-related diseases, use of the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof for preventing and/or treating VAP-1-related diseases, the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof for preventing and/or treating VAP-1-related diseases, and a method for preventing and/or treating VAP-1-related diseases, comprising administering to a patient an effective amount of the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof.

Effects of the Invention

The compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof has a VAP-1 inhibitory action, and can be used as an agent for preventing and/or treating VAP-1-related diseases.

Further, the VAP-1-related diseases refer to diseases selected from the group consisting of:

(1) cirrhosis, essential stabilized hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and arthrosis;

(2) endothelium damage (in diabetes mellitus, arterosclerosis, and hypertension), cardiovascular diseases related to diabetes mellitus and uremia, pain related to gout and arthritis, and retinopathy (in diabetes mellitus patients);

(3) (connective tissue) inflammatory diseases or conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease, Reiter's syndrome, Sjogren's syndrome, Behcet's syndrome, relapsing polychondritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, discoid lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, eosinophilic fasciitis, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, polymyalgia rheumatica, vasculitis, temporal arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener's granulomatosis, mixed connective tissue disease, and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis); gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases or conditions [Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome (spastic colon), fibrotic conditions of the liver, inflammation of the oral mucosa (stomatitis), and recurrent aphtous stomatitis]; central nervous system inflammatory diseases or conditions (multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and ischemia-reperfusion injury related to ischemic stroke); pulmonary inflammatory diseases or conditions (asthma, adult respiratory distress syndrome, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease); (chronic) skin inflammatory diseases or conditions (psoriasis, allergic lesions, lichen planus, pityriasis rosea, contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and pityriasis rubra pilaris); diseases related to carbohydrate metabolism (diabetes mellitus and complications from diabetes mellitus) including microvascular and macrovascular diseases (arterosclerosis, vascular retinopathies, retinopathy, nephropathy, nephrotic syndrome and neuropathy (polyneuropathy, mononeuropathies and autonomic neuropathy), foot ulcers, joint problems, and increased risk of infection); diseases related to aberrations in adipocyte differentiation or function or smooth muscle cell function (arterosclerosis and obesity); vascular diseases [atheromatous arterosclerosis, nonatheromatous arterosclerosis, ischemic heart disease including myocardial infarction and peripheral arterial occlusion, Raynaud's disease and phenomenon, and thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)]; chronic arthritis; inflammatory bowel diseases; and skin dermatoses;

(4) diabetes mellitus;

(5) SSAO-mediated complications [diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)) and vascular complications (heart attack, angina, strokes, amputations, blindness, and renal insufficiency)], macular edema (for example, diabetic and non-diabetic macular edema); and

(6) hepatitis and transplantation.

EMBODIMENTS FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

In the present specification, the “lower alkyl” refers to linear or branched alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (which is hereinafter simply referred to as C₁₋₆), for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, or the like. In another embodiment, it is C₁₋₄alkyl, and in still another embodiment, C₁₋₃ alkyl.

The “lower alkenyl” refers to linear or branched C₂₋₆alkenyl, for example, vinyl, propenyl, butenyl, pentenyl, 1-methylvinyl, 1-methyl-2-propenyl, 1,3-butadienyl, 1,3-pentadienyl, or the like. In another embodiment, it is C₂₋₄ alkenyl, and in still another embodiment, C₂₋₃ alkenyl.

The “lower alkylene” refers to linear or branched C₁₋₆alkylene, for example, methylene, dimethylene, trimethylene, or the like. In another embodiment, it is C₁₋₄ alkylene, and in still another embodiment, C₁₋₃alkylene.

The “cycloalkyl” refers to a C₃₋₁₀ saturated hydrocarbon ring group, which may have a bridge. It is, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl, or the like. In another embodiment, it is C₃₋₈ cycloalkyl, and in still another embodiment, C₃₋₆cycloalkyl.

The “cycloalkenyl” refers to a C₃₋₁₀ unsaturated hydrocarbon ring group, not including an aromatic hydrocarbon ring group. It is, for example, cyclopropenyl, cyclobutenyl, cyclopentenyl, cyclohexenyl, cycloheptenyl, cyclooctenyl, or the like. In another embodiment, it is C₃₋₈cycloalkenyl, and in still another embodiment, C₃₋₆ cycloalkenyl.

The “aryl” refers to a C₆₋₁₄ monocyclic to tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring group, and includes a ring group fused with C₅₋₈cycloalkene at its double bond site. It is, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, 5-tetrahydronaphthyl, 4-indenyl, 1-fluorenyl, or the like. In another embodiment, it is phenyl.

The “hetero ring” means a ring group selected from i) a monocyclic 3- to 8-membered, and in another embodiment, a 5- to 7-membered hetero ring, containing 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen, and ii) a bi- to tricyclic hetero ring containing 1 to 5 hetero atoms selected from oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen, formed by ring-fusion of said monocyclic hetero ring with one or two rings which is selected from the group consisting of a monocyclic hetero ring, a benzene ring, C₅₋₈cycloalkane, and C₅₋₈ cycloalkene. The ring atom, sulfur or nitrogen, may be oxidized to form an oxide or a dioxide.

Examples of the “hetero ring” group include the following embodiments:

(1) Monocyclic Saturated Hetero Ring Groups

(a) those containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, azepanyl, diazepanyl, aziridinyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, piperidyl, pyrazolidinyl, piperazinyl, azocanyl, hexamethyleneimino, homopiperazinyl, and the like;

(b) those containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms and 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and/or 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, for example, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, oxazepanyl, and the like;

(c) those containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms, for example, tetrahydrothiopyranyl and the like;

(d) those containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, for example, oxathiolanyl and the like;

(e) those containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, for example, oxiranyl, oxetanyl, dixolanyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, and the like;

(2) Monocyclic Unsaturated Hetero Ring Groups

(a) those containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms, for example, pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, imidazolyl, 2-imidazolinyl, pyrazolyl, 2-pyrazolinyl, pyridyl, dihydropyridyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, dihydrotriazinyl, azepinyl, and the like;

(b) those containing 1 to 3 nitrogen atoms and 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and/or 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, for example, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, dihydrothiazinyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazinyl, and the like;

(c) those containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms, for example, thienyl, thiepinyl, dihydrodithiopyranyl, dihydrodithionyl, 2H-thiopyranyl, and the like;

(d) those containing 1 to 2 sulfur atoms and 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, for example, dihydroxathiopyranyl and the like;

(e) those containing 1 to 2 oxygen atoms, for example, furyl, dihydrofuryl, pyranyl, 2H-pyranyl, oxepinyl, dioxolyl, and the like;

(3) Fused Polycyclic Saturated Hetero Ring Groups

(a) those containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, for example, quinuclidinyl, 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptyl, 3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonanyl, and the like;

(b) those containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms and 1 to 3 sulfur atoms and/or 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, for example, trithiadiazaindenyl, dioxoloimidazolidinyl, and the like;

(c) those containing 1 to 3 sulfur atoms and/or 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, for example, 2,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.2]oct-7-yl and the like;

(4) Fused Polycyclic Unsaturated Hetero Ring Groups

(a) those containing 1 to 5 nitrogen atoms, for example, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, indolidinyl, benzoimidazolyl, dihydrobenzoimidazolyl, tetrahydrobenzoimidazolyl, quinolyl, tetrahydroquinolyl, isoquinolyl, tetrahydroisoquinolyl, indazolyl, imidazopyridyl, dihydroimidazopyridyl, benzotriazolyl, tetrazolopyridazinyl, carbazolyl, acridinyl, quinoxalinyl, dihydroquinoxalinyl, tetrahydroquinoxalinyl, phthalazinyl, dihydroindazolyl, benzopyrimidinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pyridopyrrolidinyl, triazolopiperidinyl, 9,10-dihydroacridine, and the like;

(b) those containing 1 to 4 nitrogen atoms and 1 to 3 sulfur atoms and/or 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, for example, benzothiazolyl, dihydrobenzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, imidazothiazolyl, imidazothiadiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, dihydrobenzoxazolyl, dihydrobenzoxadinyl, benzoxadiazolyl, benzoisothiazolyl, benzoisoxazolyl, thiazolopiperidinyl, 5,6-dihydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,4-d][1,3]thiazol-2-yl, 10H-phenothiazine, and the like;

(c) those containing 1 to 3 sulfur atoms, for example, benzothienyl, benzodithiopyranyl, chromanyl, dibenzo[b,d]thienyl, and the like;

(d) those containing 1 to 3 sulfur atoms and 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, for example, benzoxathiopyranyl, phenoxazinyl, and the like;

(e) those containing 1 to 3 oxygen atoms, for example, benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, dihydrobenzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, chromanyl, chromenyl, isochromenyl, dibenzo[b,d]furanyl, methylenedioxyphenyl, ethylenedioxyphenyl, xanthenyl, and the like;

etc.

Further, the “hetero ring” group in (1) to (4) above is described as a monovalent group, but this may represent a divalent or higher group in some cases.

The “hetero ring” group includes a bicyclic hetero ring group having a spiro bond or a hetero ring group having a bridge structure, and it may be, for example, a ring group as shown below.

The “monocyclic hetero ring” group refers to a hetero ring group having one ring structure which is not fused with other rings as in (1) and (2), among the “hetero ring” groups above.

The “monocyclic saturated hetero ring” group refers to a hetero ring group which is saturated as in (1), among the “monocyclic hetero ring” groups above.

The “nitrogen-containing hetero ring” group refers to one containing at least one nitrogen atom, as in (1)(a), (1)(b), (2)(a), (2)(b), (3)(a), (3)(b), (4)(a), (4)(b), and the like, among the “hetero rings” above.

The “nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring” group refers to one containing at least one nitrogen atom, as in (1)(a), (1)(b), (2)(a), (2)(b), and the like, among the “monocyclic hetero ring” groups above.

The “nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring” group refers to an unsaturated hetero ring group, as in (2)(a), (2)(b), and the like, among the “nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring” groups above.

The “nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring” group refers to a saturated hetero ring group, as in (1)(a), (1)(b), and the like, among the “nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring” groups above.

The “halogen” means F, Cl, Br, or I.

In the present specification, the expression “which may be substituted” represents non-substitution or substitution with 1 to 5 substituents”. Further, if it has a plurality of substituents, the substituents may be the same as or different from one other.

Examples of the acceptable substituent used in the present specification include the groups shown in (a) to (n) below, which may be chemically acceptable groups. Further, in another embodiment, the substituents may be the groups shown in (a) to (m) below.

(a) halogen.

(b) OH, O— (lower alkyl) (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with OH, COOH, COO— (lower alkyl), O— (lower alkyl), aryl, hetero ring group(s) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with OH, cycloalkyl, or lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), or oxo (═OO)), O— (hetero ring group), or O— (aryl) (in which the aryl may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); in another embodiment, OH, O— (lower alkyl) (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with COOH, COO— (lower alkyl), O— (lower alkyl), or aryl), or O— (aryl) (in which the aryl may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); in still another embodiment, OH, O— (lower alkyl), or O— (aryl); and in further still another embodiment, OH, or O— (lower alkyl).

(c) amino which may be substituted with one or two lower alkyl group(s) (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with one or more oxo (═O), OH, O— (lower alkyl), or aryl), SO₂-lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl (in which the aryl may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)) or hetero ring group(s), or nitro; in another embodiment, amino which may be substituted with one or two lower alkyl group(s) (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with one or more oxo (═O), OH, O— (lower alkyl), or aryl), SO₂-lower alkyl, aryl (in which the aryl may be substituted with COOH) or hetero ring group(s), or nitro; in another embodiment, amino which may be substituted with one or two lower alkyl group(s), SO₂-lower alkyl, aryl or hetero ring group(s), or nitro.

(d) CHO, CO— (lower alkyl) (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)), CO— (cycloalkyl) (in which the cycloalkyl may be substituted with OH), CO— (aryl), CO— (hetero ring group) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or cyano; and in another embodiment, CHO, CO— (lower alkyl), CO— (cycloalkyl), CO— (aryl), CO— (hetero ring group), or cyano.

(e) aryl or cycloalkyl; further, this group may be substituted with halogen, OH, COOH, COO— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl), lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with oxo (═O), OH, O— (lower alkyl), COOH, COO— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)), O— (lower alkyl) (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with hetero ring group(s)), amino which may be substituted with one or two lower alkyl group(s) (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with one or more oxo (═O) group(s)), NHSO₂— (lower alkyl), or SO₂— (lower alkyl); and in another embodiment, the group may be substituted with COOH, lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with oxo (═O), OH or COOH), O— (lower alkyl) (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with hetero ring group(s)), amino which may be substituted with one or two lower alkyl group(s) (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with one or more oxo (═O) group(s)), NHSO₂— (lower alkyl), or SO₂— (lower alkyl).

(f) hetero ring group(s); and in another embodiment, monocyclic hetero ring group(s); further, these hetero ring group and monocyclic hetero ring group may be substituted with halogen, OH, oxo (═O), lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)), O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)), aryl (in which the aryl may be substituted with halogen or COOH), NHCO— (lower alkyl) or hetero ring group(s) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with COOH or O— (lower alkyl)); and in another embodiment, the groups may be substituted with halogen, OH, oxo (═O), lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)), O— (lower alkyl), aryl (in which the aryl may be substituted with halogen or COOH), NHCO— (lower alkyl) or hetero ring group(s) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with COOH, O— (lower alkyl)).

(g) COOH or COO— (lower alkyl); further, the lower alkyl in COO— (lower alkyl) may be substituted with aryl.

(h) CONH₂ or CONH(lower alkyl may be substituted with OH), CON(lower alkyl)₂; in another embodiment, CONH₂, CONH(lower alkyl), or CON(lower alkyl)₂.

(i) O—CO— (lower alkyl) or O—COO— (lower alkyl).

(j) oxo (═O).

(k) SO— (lower alkyl) (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), SO— (cycloalkyl), SO— (hetero ring group), SO— (aryl), SO₂— (lower alkyl) (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), SO₂— (cycloalkyl), SO₂— (hetero ring group), SO₂— (aryl), or sulfamoyl which may be substituted with one or two lower alkyl group(s); in another embodiment, SO— (lower alkyl), SO— (cycloalkyl), SO— (hetero ring), SO— (aryl), SO₂— (lower alkyl), SO₂— (cycloalkyl), SO₂— (hetero ring group), SO₂— (aryl), or sulfamoyl which may be substituted with one or two lower alkyl group(s).

(l) SO₂—NH₂, SO₂—NH(lower alkyl), or SO₂—N(lower alkyl)₂.

(m) lower alkyl group(s) which may each be substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the substituents shown in (a) to (k) above, or lower alkenyl group(s) which may each be substituted with one or more groups selected from the substituents shown in (a) to (k) above; in another embodiment, lower alkyl group(s) which may be substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the substituents shown in (a) to (k) above.

(n) lower alkyl group(s) which may each be substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the substituents shown in (a) to (l) above, or lower alkenyl group(s) which may each be substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the substituents shown in (a) to (l) above; in another embodiment, lower alkyl group(s) which may be substituted with one or more group(s) selected from the substituents shown in (a) to (l) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “aryl which may be substituted” and the “hetero ring group which may be substituted” in A include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above, in still another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (b), (c), and (m) above, and in further still another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (b) and (c) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “lower alkyl which may be substituted” in R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above, and in still another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) and (m) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “lower alkylene which may be substituted” in E and J include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above, and in still another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (j) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “lower alkyl which may be substituted” in G include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, and in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “lower alkyl which may be substituted” in L include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, and in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “lower alkylene which may be substituted” in U, V, and W include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above, and in still another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (j) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “lower alkyl which may be substituted” in U and V include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above, and in still another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (b) and (c) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “lower alkyl which may be substituted” in X include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above, and in still another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “cycloalkyl which may be substituted” in X include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above, and in still another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (b) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “cycloalkenyl which may be substituted” in X include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above, and in still another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (b) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “aryl which may be substituted” in X include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above, and in still another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (b), (f), and (l) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “hetero ring group which may be substituted” in X include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, and in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “lower alkyl which may be substituted” in R^(Q11), R^(Q12), R^(Q13), R^(Q21), R^(Q22), R^(Q23), R^(Q31), R^(Q41), R^(Q42), R^(Q43), R^(Q51), R^(Q52), R^(Q53), and R^(Q61) include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, and in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “lower alkyl which may be substituted” in R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T13), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T23), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T43), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T53), R^(T61), R^(T62), and R^(T63) include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above, and in still another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (b), (c), (e), (f), (g), and (j) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “cycloalkyl which may be substituted” in R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T13), R^(T21), R^(T22)β, R^(T23), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T43), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T53), R^(T61), R^(T62), and R^(T63) include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above, and in still another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (m) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “aryl which may be substituted” in R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T13), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T23), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T43), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T53), R^(T61), R^(T62), and R^(T63) include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above, and in still another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a), (g), and (m) above.

Examples of the acceptable substituent of the “hetero ring group which may be substituted” in R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T13), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T23), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T43), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T53), R^(T61), R^(T62), and R^(T63) include the groups exemplified in (a) to (n) above, in another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a) to (m) above, and in still another embodiment, the groups exemplified in (a), (b), (d), (g), and (m) above.

In another embodiment of the present invention, a compound represented by the formula (I′) or a salt thereof is provided.

(wherein

A is aryl which may be substituted or a hetero ring group which may be substituted, R¹, R², R³, and R⁴ are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, or lower alkyl which may be substituted,

E is a single bond, or lower alkylene which may be substituted,

G is a single bond, O, NH, or N(lower alkyl which may be substituted),

J is a single bond, or lower alkylene which may be substituted,

L is O, NH, or N(lower alkyl which may be substituted),

U is a single bond, O, NH, N(lower alkyl which may be substituted), SO₂, or lower alkylene which may be substituted,

V is a single bond, O, NH, N(lower alkyl which may be substituted), or lower alkylene which may be substituted,

W is a single bond, SO₂, or lower alkylene which may be substituted, and

X is H, OH, NH₂, lower alkyl which may be substituted, O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted), N(lower alkyl which may be substituted)₂, cycloalkyl which may be substituted, O— (cycloalkyl which may be substituted), aryl which may be substituted, O— (aryl which may be substituted), a hetero ring group which may be substituted, or O— (hetero ring group which may be substituted)).

Embodiments of the groups of the present invention are described below.

(1) A is

Q¹ is a single bond, CR^(Q11)R^(Q12), or NR^(Q13), Q² is CR^(Q21)R^(Q22), or NR^(Q23), Q³ is CR^(Q31) or N, Q⁴ is CR^(Q41)R^(Q42) or NR^(Q43), Q⁵ is a single bond, CR^(Q51)R^(Q52), or NR^(Q53), Q⁶ is CR^(Q61) or N, R^(Q11), R^(Q12), R^(Q13), R^(Q21), R^(Q22), R^(Q23), R^(Q31), R^(Q41), R^(Q42), R^(Q43), R^(Q51), R^(Q52), R^(Q53) and R^(Q61) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl which may be substituted, or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted), or R^(Q11) and R^(Q21), R^(Q11) and R^(Q23), R^(Q13) and R^(Q21), R^(Q13) and R^(Q23), R^(Q13) and R^(Q23), R^(Q31) and R^(Q41), R^(Q31) and R^(Q43), RQ51 and R^(Q61), or R^(Q53) and R^(Q61) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or R^(Q11) and R^(Q61), R^(Q13) and R^(Q61), R^(Q21) and R^(Q31), R^(Q41) and R^(Q51), R^(Q43) and R^(Q51), R^(Q41) and R^(Q53), or R^(Q43) and

R^(Q53) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or R^(Q11) and R^(Q12), R^(Q21) and R^(Q22), R^(Q41) and R^(Q42), R^(Q51) and R^(Q52) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O).

(2) A is

Q¹ is CR^(Q12) or N, Q² is CR^(Q22) or N, Q⁴ is CR^(Q42) or N, Q⁵ is CR^(Q52) or N, and R^(Q12), R^(Q22), R^(Q42) and R^(Q52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl which may be substituted, or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted).

(3) A is

Q¹ is a single bond or CR^(Q11)R^(Q12), Q³ is CR^(Q31) or N, Q⁵ is a single bond or CR^(Q51)R^(Q52), Q⁶ is CR^(Q61) or N, in which either one of Q³ and Q⁶ is N, R^(Q11), R^(Q12), R^(Q21), R^(Q22), R^(Q31), R^(Q41), R^(Q42), R^(Q51), R^(Q52) and R^(Q61) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl which may be substituted, or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted), or R^(Q51) and R^(Q61) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or R^(Q11) and R^(Q12), R^(Q21) and R^(Q22), R^(Q41) and R^(Q42), or R^(Q51) and R^(Q52) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O).

(4) R^(Q12), R^(Q22), R^(Q42) and R^(Q52) are H.

(5) R^(Q11), R^(Q12), R^(Q21), R^(Q22), R^(Q31), R^(Q41), R^(Q42), R^(Q51), R^(Q52) and R^(Q61) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, or R^(Q51) and R^(Q61) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or R^(Q11) and R^(Q12) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O); and in another embodiment, R^(Q11), R^(Q12), R^(Q21), R^(Q22), R^(Q31), R^(Q41), R^(Q42), R^(Q51), R^(Q52) and R^(Q61) are H.

(6) Q¹ is N, Q² is CR^(Q22), Q⁴ is CR^(Q42), and Q⁵ is N.

(7) Q¹ is CR^(Q12), Q² is CR^(Q22), Q⁴ is CR^(Q42), and Q⁵ is N.

(8) Q¹ is CR^(Q11), R^(Q12), Q³ is N, Q⁵ is CR^(Q51), R^(Q52), and Q⁶ is CR^(Q61) or N.

(9) Q¹ is CR^(Q11)R^(Q12), Q³ is N, Q⁵ is CR^(Q51)R^(Q52), and Q⁶ is N.

(10) Q¹ is CR^(Q11)R^(Q12), Q³ is N, Q⁵ is CR^(Q51)R^(Q52), and Q⁶ is CR^(Q61).

(11) Q¹ is CR^(Q11), R^(Q12), Q³ is CR^(Q31), Q⁵ is CR^(Q51)R^(Q52), and Q⁶ is N.

(12) Q¹ is a single bond, Q³ is N, Q⁵ is a single bond, and Q⁶ is CR^(Q61).

(13) R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same as or different from each other, and are H or halogen; in another embodiment, R¹, R² and R³ are H, and R⁴ is halogen; and in still another embodiment, R¹, R² and R³ are H, and R⁴ is F.

(14) E is a single bond.

(15) E is lower alkylene which may be substituted with oxo (═O).

(16) G is a single bond.

(17) G is O.

(18) G is NH.

(19) J is a single bond.

(20) J is lower alkylene which may be substituted.

(21) L is O.

(22) L is NH.

(23) U is a single bond.

(24) U is O.

(25) U is NH or N(lower alkyl which may be substituted).

(26) V is a single bond.

(27) V is lower alkylene which may be substituted with oxo (═O).

(28) W is a single bond.

(29) W is lower alkylene which may be substituted.

(30) X is H, OH, or NH₂.

(31) X is

T¹ is a single bond, CR^(T11)R^(T12), or NR^(T13), T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22) or NR^(T23), T³ is CR^(T31) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42) or NR^(T43), T⁵ is a single bond, (CR^(T11)R^(T52))_(m), or NR^(T53), T⁶ is CR^(T61)R^(T62) O, or NR^(T63), R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T13), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T23), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T43), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T53), R^(T61) R^(T62) and R^(T63) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, lower alkyl which may be substituted, aryl which may be substituted, cycloalkyl which may be substituted, a hetero ring group which may be substituted, O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted), N(lower alkyl which may be substituted)₂, NH(aryl which may be substituted), N(aryl which may be substituted)₂, SO₂—(lower alkyl which may be substituted), or SO₂— (cycloalkyl which may be substituted), or R^(T11) and R^(T61), R^(T11) and R^(T63), R^(T13) and R^(T61), R^(T13) and R^(T63), R^(T21) and R^(T31), R^(T23) and R^(T31), R^(T41) and R^(T51), R^(T43) and R^(T51), R^(T41) and R^(T53), or R^(T43) and R^(T53) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or R^(T11) and R^(T12), R^(T21) and R^(T22), R^(T41) and R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52), or R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), and m is 1 or 2.

(32) X is

T¹ is CR^(T12) or N, T² is CR^(T22) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T42) or N, T⁵ is CR^(T52) or N, T⁶ is CR^(T62) or N, R^(T12), R^(T22), R^(T42), R^(T52) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, lower alkyl which may be substituted, aryl which may be substituted, cycloalkyl which may be substituted, a hetero ring group which may be substituted, —O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted), NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted), N(lower alkyl which may be substituted)₂, NH— (aryl which may be substituted), N(aryl which may be substituted)₂, SO₂— (lower alkyl which may be substituted), or SO₂—(cycloalkyl which may be substituted).

(33) R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, or lower alkyl which may be substituted; and in another embodiment, R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52) are H; and in still another embodiment, R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H or OH.

(34) R^(T13), R^(T23), R^(T43), R^(T53) are H.

(35) R^(T12), R^(T22), R^(T42) and R^(T52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, lower alkyl which may be substituted, or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted); in another embodiment, R^(T12), R^(T22), R^(T42) and R^(T52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); in still another embodiment, R^(T12), R^(T22), R^(T42) and R^(T52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, methyl, methoxymethyl, or 2-methoxyethoxy; and in further still another embodiment, R^(T12), R^(T22), R^(T42) and R^(T52) are H.

(36) R^(T62) is H.

(37) R^(T62) is halogen, OH, lower alkyl which may be substituted, or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted).

(38) R^(T62) is OH, lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or COOH), or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)).

(39) R^(T63) is CO—(C₁₋₅alkyl which may be substituted), CO— (cycloalkyl which may be substituted), CO— (aryl which may be substituted), CO— (nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring group which may be substituted), CON(lower alkyl which may be substituted)₂, or SO₂— (lower alkyl which may be substituted); in another embodiment, R^(T63) is CO—(C₁₋₅alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring(s)), CO— (cycloalkyl), CO— (aryl), CO— (nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring group), CON(lower alkyl)₂, or SO₂— (lower alkyl); in still another embodiment, R^(T63) is CO—(C₁₋₅alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), CO— (cycloalkyl), CO— (aryl), CO— (nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring group), CON(lower alkyl)₂, or SO₂— (lower alkyl); in further still another embodiment, R^(T63) is CO—(C₁₋₅ lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), CO— (cycloalkyl), or SO₂— (lower alkyl); in further still another embodiment, R^(T63) is acetyl, propionyl, isobutyryl, pivaloyl, 2-ethoxy-1-oxoethyl, 2-methoxy-1-oxoethyl, 3-methoxy-1-oxopropyl, 3-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropyl, cyclopropylcarbonyl, benzoyl, pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, methylsulfonyl, or ethylsulfonyl; in further still another embodiment, R^(T63) is acetyl, propionyl, isobutyryl, pivaloyl, 2-ethoxy-1-oxoethyl, 2-methoxy-1-oxoethyl, 3-methoxy-1-oxopropyl, cyclopropylcarbonyl, benzoyl, pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, methylsulfonyl, or ethylsulfonyl; and in further still another embodiment, R^(T63) is acetyl, propionyl, isobutyryl, pivaloyl, 2-ethoxy-1-oxoethyl, cyclopropylcarbonyl, benzoyl, pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, or methylsulfonyl.

(40) T¹ is a single bond, CR^(T11)R^(T12), or NR^(T13), T² is CR^(T2), R^(T22), T³ is CR^(T31) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42), T⁵ is a single bond, (CR^(T51)R^(T52))_(m), or NR^(T53), T⁶ is CR^(T61)R^(T62), O, or NR^(T63), R^(T21) and R^(T31) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or R^(T11) and R^(T12) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O).

(41) T¹ is a single bond or CRT R^(T12), T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), T³ is CR^(T31) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42), T⁵ is a single bond or (CR^(T51)R^(T52))_(m), and T⁶ is NR^(T63)

(42) T¹ is CR^(T11)R^(T12), T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), T³ is CR^(T31), T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42), T⁵ is (CR^(T51)R^(T52))_(m), and T⁶ is NR^(T63)

(43) T¹ is CR^(T11)R^(T12), T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), T³ is CR^(T31), T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42), T⁵ is (CR^(T51)R^(T52))_(m), and T⁶ is O.

(44) T¹ is a single bond, T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), T³ is CR^(T31), T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42), T⁵ is (CR^(T51)R^(T52))_(m), and T⁶ is O.

(45) T¹ is CR^(T11)R^(T12), T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), T³ is N, T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42), T⁵ is (CR^(T51)R^(T52))_(m), and T⁶ is O.

(46) T¹ is CR^(T11)R^(T12), T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), T³ is N, T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42), T⁵ is (CR^(T51)R^(T52))_(m), and T⁶ is CR^(T61)R^(T62)

(47) T¹ is a single bond, T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), T³ is N, T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42), T⁵ is a single bond, and T⁶ is CR^(T61)R^(T62).

(48) T¹ is a single bond, T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), T³ is N, T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42), T⁵ is (CR^(T51)R^(T52))_(m), and T⁶ is CR^(T61)R^(T62).

(49) T¹ is CR^(T11)R^(T12), T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), T³ is N, T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42), T⁵ is (CR^(T51)R^(T52))_(m), and T⁶ is NR^(T63)

(50) T¹ is CR^(T11)R^(T12), T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), T³ is CR^(T3), T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42), T⁵ is (CR^(T51)R^(T52))_(m), and T⁶ is CR^(T61)R^(T62)

(51) T¹ is N, T² is CR^(T22), T⁴ is CR^(T42), T⁵ is N, and T⁶ is CR^(T62)

(52) T¹ is CR^(T12), T² is CR^(T22), T⁴ is N, T⁵ is CR^(T52), and T⁶ is CR^(T62)

(53) T¹ is CR^(T2), T² is CR^(T22), T⁴ is CR^(T42), T⁵ is N, and T⁶ is CR^(T62)

(54) T¹ is CR^(T12), T² is CR^(T22) T⁴ is CR^(T42), T⁵ is CR^(T52), and T⁶ is N.

(55) m is 1.

(56) m is 2.

Other embodiments of the present invention are described below.

(57) A is

Q¹ is CR^(Q12) or N, Q² is CR^(Q22) or N, Q⁴ is CR^(Q42) or N, Q⁵ is CR^(Q52) or N, R^(Q12), R^(Q22), R^(Q42) and R^(Q52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), or N(lower alkyl)₂, or

A is

Q¹ is a single bond or CR^(Q11)R^(Q12), Q³ is CR^(Q31) or N, Q⁵ is a single bond or (CR^(Q51)R^(Q52))_(a), Q⁶ is CR^(Q61) or N, in which either one of Q³ and Q⁶ is N, R^(Q11), R^(Q12), R^(Q21), R^(Q22), R^(Q31), R^(Q41), R^(Q42), R^(Q51), R^(Q52) and R^(Q61) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, lower alkyl, or R^(Q51) and R^(Q61) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or R^(Q11) and R^(Q12) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), and a is 1 or 2.

(58)

(58-1) A is

Q¹ is CR^(Q12) or N, Q² is CR^(Q22) or N, Q⁴ is CR^(Q42) or N, Q⁵ is CR^(Q52) or N, and R^(Q12), R^(Q22), R^(Q42) and R^(Q52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), or N(lower alkyl)₂.

(58-2) In (57) and (58-1), R^(Q12), R^(Q22), R^(Q42) and R^(Q52) are H.

(58-3) In (57) and (58-1) to (58-2), Q¹ is N, Q² is CR^(Q22), Q⁴ is CR^(Q42), and Q⁵ is N.

(58-4) In (57) and (58-1) to (58-2), Q¹ is CR^(Q12), Q² is CR^(Q22), Q⁴ is CR^(Q42), and QS is N.

(59)

(59-1) A is

Q¹ is a single bond or CR^(Q1)R^(Q12), Q³ is CR^(Q31) or N, Q⁵ is a single bond or (CR^(Q51)R^(Q52))_(a), Q⁶ is CR^(Q61) or N, in which either one of Q³ and Q⁶ is N, R^(Q11), R^(Q12), R^(Q21), R^(Q22), R^(Q31), R^(Q41), R^(Q42), R^(Q51), R^(Q52) and R^(Q61) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, or lower alkyl, or R^(Q51) and R^(Q61) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or R^(Q11) and R^(Q12) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), and a is 1 or 2.

(59-2) In (57) and (59-1), a is 1.

(59-3) In (57) and (59-1) to (59-2), R^(Q11), R^(Q12), R^(Q21), R^(Q22), R^(Q31), R^(Q41), R^(Q42), R^(Q51), R^(Q52) and R^(Q61) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, or R^(Q51) and R^(Q61) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or R^(Q11) and R^(Q12) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O).

(59-4) In (57) and (59-1) to (59-3), Q¹ is CR^(Q11)R^(Q12), Q³ is N, Q⁵ is CR^(Q51)R^(Q52), and Q⁶ is CR^(Q61), or N.

(59-5) In (57) and (59-1) to (59-3), Q¹ is CR^(Q11)R^(Q12), Q³ is N, Q⁵ is CR^(Q51)R^(Q52), and Q⁶ is N.

(59-6) In (57) and (59-1) to (59-3), Q¹ is CR^(Q11)R^(Q12), Q³ is N, Q⁵ is CR^(Q51), R^(Q52), and Q⁶ is CR^(Q61)

(59-7) In (57) and (59-1) to (59-3), Q¹ is CR^(Q11)R^(Q12), Q³ is CR^(Q31), Q⁵ is CR^(Q51)R^(Q52), and Q⁶ is N.

(59-8) In (57) and (59-1) to (59-3), Q¹ is a single bond, Q³ is N, Q⁵ is a single bond, and Q⁶ is CR^(Q61).

(60)

(60-1) X is

H,

OH,

NH₂,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen,

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH),

NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)),

N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O))₂,

NH—SO₂— (lower alkyl),

N(lower alkyl)-SO₂— (lower alkyl), cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA1) below,

O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA1) below,

aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA1) below,

O— (aryl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA1) below, and

Group G^(XA1) is

i) halogen,

ii) OH,

iii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, aryl, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)); NH₂; NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); NH(hetero ring group); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; aryl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), COOH, or COO— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl); hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), oxo (═O), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), or lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

iv) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O—0 (lower alkyl), aryl, hetero ring group(s) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)), or oxo (═O)),

v) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

vi) N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O))₂,

vii) NH— (aryl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)),

viii) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH; COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

ix) aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)); O— (lower alkyl); COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

x) hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

xi) O— (hetero ring group),

xii) SO₂— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)),

xiii) SO₂— (cycloalkyl),

xiv) SO₂— (aryl),

xv) NHSO₂— (lower alkyl), or

xvi) oxo (═O).

(60-2) X is

H,

OH,

NH₂,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen,

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH),

NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)),

N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O))₂,

NH—SO₂— (lower alkyl),

N(lower alkyl) —SO₂— (lower alkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA2) below,

O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA2) below,

aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA2) below,

O— (aryl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA2) below,

G^(XA2) is

i) halogen,

ii) OH,

iii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, phenyl, O—(lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)); NH₂; NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); NH(nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; phenyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), COOH, or COO— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), oxo (═O), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)) or lower alkyl; and oxo (═O), iv) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), phenyl, nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group(s) (in which the nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)), or oxo (═O)),

v) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

vi) N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O))₂,

vii) NH— (aryl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)),

viii) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH; COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

ix) aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)); O— (lower alkyl); COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

x) hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

xi) O— (monocyclic saturated hetero ring group),

xii) SO₂— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)),

xiii) SO₂— (cycloalkyl),

xiv) SO₂— (phenyl),

xv) NHSO₂— (lower alkyl), or

xvi) oxo (═O).

(60-3) X is

H,

OH,

NH₂,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen,

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH),

NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)),

N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O))₂,

NH—SO₂— (lower alkyl),

N(lower alkyl) —SO₂— (lower alkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA3) below,

O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA3) below,

phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA3) below,

O— (phenyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group

G^(XA3) below, and

Group G^(XA3) is

i) halogen,

ii) OH,

iii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, phenyl, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)); NH₂; NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); NH(thiazolyl); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; phenyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), COOH, or COO— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); tetrahydropyranyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, morphonyl, azetidinyl, oxazolidinyl, or pyridyl, each of which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), oxo (═O), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)) or lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

iv) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), phenyl, piperidinyl or morphonyl (in which the piperidinyl or morphonyl group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)), or oxo (═O)),

v) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

iv) N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O))₂,

vii) NH— (phenyl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)),

viii) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH; COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

ix) phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)); O— (lower alkyl); COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

x) hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

xi) O— (tetrahydropyranyl)

xii) SO₂— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)),

xiii) SO₂— (cycloalkyl),

xv) SO₂— (phenyl),

xv) NHSO₂— (lower alkyl), or

xvi) oxo (═O).

(60-4) X is

H,

OH,

NH₂,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen,

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH),

NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═OO)),

N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O))₂,

NH—SO₂— (lower alkyl),

N(lower alkyl) —SO₂— (lower alkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl or oxo (═O)),

O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl or oxo (═O)),

aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), hetero ring group(s) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with oxo (═O)) or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with hetero ring group(s)); hetero ring group(s); NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)); N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O))₂; NHSO₂— (lower alkyl); and SO₂— (lower alkyl),

O— (aryl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA4) below, and

Group G^(XA4) is

i) halogen,

ii) OH,

iii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, aryl, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)); NH₂; NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); NH(hetero ring group); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; arly which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), COOH, or COO— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl); hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), or lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

iv) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), aryl, hetero ring group(s) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)), or oxo (═O)),

v) NH—0 (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═OO)),

vi) NH— (aryl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)),

vii) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH; COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

viii) aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)); O— (lower alkyl); COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

ix) hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

x) O— (hetero ring group),

xi) SO₂— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)),

xii) SO₂— (cycloalkyl),

xiii) SO₂— (aryl), or

xiv) oxo (═O).

(60-5) X is

H,

OH,

NH₂,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen,

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH),

NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)),

N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O))₂,

NH—SO₂— (lower alkyl),

N(lower alkyl) —SO₂— (lower alkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group(s) (in which the nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group may be substituted with oxo (═O)) or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group(s)); nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group(s); NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)); N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O))₂; NHSO₂— (lower alkyl); and

SO₂—(lower alkyl),

O— (aryl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA5) below, and

Group G^(XA5) is

i) halogen,

ii) OH,

iii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, phenyl, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)); NH₂; NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); NH(nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; phenyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), COOH, or COO— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═OO)) or lower alkyl; and oxo (═OO),

iv) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), phenyl, nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group(s) (in which the nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)), or oxo (═O)),

v) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

vi) NH— (aryl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)),

vii) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH; COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

viii) aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)); O— (lower alkyl); COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

ix) hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

x) O— (monocyclic saturated hetero ring group),

xi) SO₂— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)),

xii) SO₂— (cycloalkyl),

xiii) SO₂— (phenyl), or

xiv) oxo (═O).

(60-6) X is

H,

OH,

NH₂,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen,

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH),

NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)),

N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O))₂,

NH—SO₂— (lower alkyl),

N(lower alkyl) —SO₂— (lower alkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), oxazolidinyl (in which the oxazolidinyl group may be substituted with oxo (═O)) or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with morphonyl); pyridyl; morphonyl; NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)); N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O))₂; NHSO₂— (lower alkyl); and SO₂— (lower alkyl),

O— (phenyl which may be substituted with O—0 (lower alkyl)), or

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA6) below, and

Group G^(XA6) is

i) halogen,

ii) OH,

iii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, phenyl, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)); NH₂; NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); NH(thiazolyl); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; phenyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), COOH, or COO— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); tetrahydropyranyl, furanyl, thiazolyl, morphonyl, azetidinyl, or pyridyl, each of which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)) or lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

iv) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), phenyl, piperidinyl or morphonyl (in which the piperidinyl or morphonyl group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)), or oxo (═O)),

v) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

vi) NH— (phenyl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)),

vii) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH; COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

viii) phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)); O— (lower alkyl); COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

ix) hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

x) O— (tetrahydropyranyl)

xi) SO₂— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O− (lower alkyl)),

xii) SO₂— (cycloalkyl),

xiii) SO₂— (phenyl), or

xiv) oxo (═O).

(61)

(61-1) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB1) below,

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB1) below,

aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB1) below, or

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB1) below, and

Group G^(XB1) is

i) OH,

ii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl); NH(lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; aryl; hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

iii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), aryl, hetero ring group(s) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)) or oxo (═O)),

iv) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

v) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl),

vi) hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═OO); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

vii) O— (hetero ring group),

viii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

ix) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

x) oxo (═O).

(61-2) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB2) below,

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB2) below,

aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB2) below, or

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB2) below, and

Group G^(XB2) is

i) OH,

ii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); NH(lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; phenyl; monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

iii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), phenyl, nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group(s) (in which the nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)) or oxo (═O)),

iv) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

v) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl),

vi) monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

vii) O— (monocyclic saturated hetero ring group),

viii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

ix) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

x) oxo (═O).

(61-3) In (61-2), vi) is

vi) nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O).

(61-4) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB3) below,

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB3) below,

phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB3) below, or

tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,2-dihydropyridyl, thiazolyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, or benzothiazolyl, which may substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB3) below, and

Group G^(XB3) is

i) OH,

ii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); NH(lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; phenyl; pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl; tetrahydropyranyl; and oxo (═O),

iii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), phenyl, piperidinyl (in which piperidinyl group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)) or oxo (═O)),

iv) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

v) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl),

vi) 1,2-dihydropyridyl, pyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, oxazepanyl, or tetrahydropyranyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═OO); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

vii) O— (tetrahydropyranyl),

viii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

ix) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

x) oxo (═O).

(61-5) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB4) below,

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB4) below,

phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB4) below, or

azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyridyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or morpholinyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB4) below, and

Group G^(XB4) is

i) OH,

ii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); NH(lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; phenyl; pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl; tetrahydropyranyl; and oxo (═O),

iii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), phenyl, piperidinyl (in which the piperidinyl group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)), or oxo (═O)),

iv) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

v) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl),

vi) 1,2-dihydropyridyl, pyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, or oxazepanyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O)

vii) O— (tetrahydropyranyl),

viii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

ix) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

x) oxo (═O).

(61-6) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB4) above,

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB4) above,

phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB4) above, or

tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,2-dihydropyridyl, thiazolyl, azetidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, or benzothiazolyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB4) above.

(61-7) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl or oxo (═O)),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl or oxo (═O)),

aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl); and hetero ring group(s), or

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB5) below, and

Group G^(XB5) is

i) OH,

ii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl); NH(lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; aryl; hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

iii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or hetero ring group(s) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O))),

iv) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

v) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl),

vi) hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

vii) O— (hetero ring group),

viii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

ix) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

x) oxo (═O).

(61-8) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl); and nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring group(s), or

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB6) below,

Group G^(XB6) is

i) OH,

ii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); NH(lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; phenyl; monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

iii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group(s) (in which the nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O))),

iv) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

v) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl),

vi) monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

vii) O— (monocyclic saturated hetero ring group),

viii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

ix) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

x) oxo (═O).

(61-9) In (61-8), vi) is

vi) nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O).

(61-10) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl); and pyridyl, or

tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,2-dihydropyridyl, thiazolyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, or benzothiazolyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB7) below, and

Group GX^(B)7 is

i) OH,

ii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); NH(lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; phenyl; pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl; tetrahydropyranyl; and oxo (═O),

iii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or piperidinyl (in which the piperidinyl group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O))),

iv) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

v) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl),

vi) 1,2-dihydropyridyl, pyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, oxazepanyl, or tetrahydropyranyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

vii) O— (tetrahydropyranyl),

viii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

ix) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

x) oxo (═O).

(61-11) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl); and pyridyl, or

azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, pyridyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or morpholinyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB8) below, and

Group G^(XB8) is

i) OH,

ii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); NH(lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; phenyl; pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl; tetrahydropyranyl; and oxo (═O),

iii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or piperidinyl (in which the piperidinyl group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O))),

iv) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

v) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl),

vi) 1,2-dihydropyridyl, pyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, or oxazepanyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O—0 (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O)

vii) O— (tetrahydropyranyl),

viii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

ix) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

x) oxo (═O).

(61-12) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), O— (cycloalkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl); and pyridyl, or

tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,2-dihydropyridyl, thiazolyl, azetidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, or benzothiazolyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XB8) above.

(62)

(62-1) X is OH, NH₂, lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen,

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O))₂, NH—SO₂— (lower alkyl), N(lower alkyl) —SO₂— (lower alkyl), O— (cycloalkyl), or O— (aryl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or

X is

T¹ is a single bond, CR^(T11)R^(T12), O, or NR^(T13), T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), or NR^(T23), T³ is CR^(T31) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42) or O, T⁵ is a single bond, (CR^(T51)R^(T52))_(m), or NR^(T53), T⁶ is CR^(T61)R^(T62), O, S, SO₂, or NR^(T63),

R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with OH, NH₂, NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH), O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)), O— (lower alkyl), or nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group(s),

R^(T13), R^(T23) and R^(T53) are the same as or different from each other, and are H or lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

R^(T61) is H, OH, or halogen,

R^(T62) is H, OH, halogen, lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with OH, halogen, O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)), NH₂, NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH), nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)), O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), aryl, or oxo (═O)), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), NH(aryl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)), SO₂— (lower alkyl), SO₂— (aryl), or a hetero ring group (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O), or oxo (═O)),

R^(T63) is H,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl); aryl (in which the aryl may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), COOH, or COO— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl)); NH₂; NH(lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)); NH(nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring group); and oxo (═O),

a nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring group which may be substituted with lower alkyl,

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH; COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)); O— (lower alkyl); COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

SO₂—(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or

SO₂—(cycloalkyl), or

R^(T21) and R^(T31) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or

R^(T1) and R^(T2), R^(T21) and R^(T22), R^(T41) and R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52), or R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), and

m is 1 or 2, or

X is

T¹ is CR^(T12) or N, T² is CR^(T22) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T42) or N, T⁵ is CR^(T52) or N, T⁶ is CR^(T62) or N, and

R^(T12), R^(T22), R^(T42), R^(T52) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxazolidinyl (in which the oxazolidinyl group may be substituted with oxo (═O)), O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group(s)), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O))₂, NH—SO₂— (lower alkyl), SO₂— (lower alkyl), or a nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group.

(62-2) X is OH, NH₂, lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen, O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O))₂, NH—SO₂— (lower alkyl), N(lower alkyl) —SO₂— (lower alkyl), O— (cycloalkyl), or O— (phenyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or

X is

T¹ is a single bond, CR^(T11)R^(T12), O, or NR^(T13), T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), O, or NR^(T23), T³ is CR^(T31) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42) or O, T⁵ is a single bond, (CRTR^(T52))_(m), or NR^(T53), T⁶ is CR^(T61)R^(T62), O, S, SO₂, or NR^(T63),

R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52) are the same as or different from each other, and are

H, OH, lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with OH, NH₂, NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH), O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)), O— (lower alkyl), or morpholinyl,

R^(T13), R^(T23) and R^(T53) are the same as or different from each other, and are H or lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

R^(T61) is H, OH, or halogen,

R^(T62) is H, OH, halogen, lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl is OH, halogen, O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)), NH₂, NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH), azetidinyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), morpholinyl, or oxo (═O)), O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), phenyl, or oxo (═O)), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), NH(phenyl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)), SO₂—(lower alkyl), SO₂— (phenyl), or tetrahydropyranyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridyl, dihydrobenzoimidazolinyl, or dihydroimidazopyridyl, each of which may be substituted with lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)) or oxo (═O),

R^(T63) is H,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl); phenyl (in which the phenyl may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), COOH, or COO— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl)); NH₂; NH(lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; tetrahydropyranyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, or furanyl, each of which may be substituted with NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)); NH(thiazolyl); and oxo (═O),

pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl,

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH; COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)); O— (lower alkyl); COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl),

SO₂—(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or

SO₂—(cycloalkyl), or

R^(T21) and R^(T31) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or

R^(T1) and R^(T12), R^(T21) and R^(T22), R^(T41) and R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52), or R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O),

m is 1 or 2, or

X is

T¹ is CR^(T12) or N, T² is CR^(T22) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T42) or N, T⁵ is CR^(T52) or N, T⁶ is CR^(T62) or N, and

R^(T12), R^(T22), R^(T42), R^(T52) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, or oxazolidinyl (in which the oxazolidinyl group may be substituted with oxo (═O)), O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with morpholinyl), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O))₂, NH—SO₂— (lower alkyl), SO₂—(lower alkyl), or morpholinyl.

(63)

(63-1) X is lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), or O— (cycloalkyl), or

X is

T¹ is a single bond or CR^(T11)R^(T12), T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), O, or NR^(T23), T³ is CR^(T31) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42), T⁵ is a single bond or (CR^(T51)R^(T52))_(m), T⁶ is CR^(T61)R^(T62), O, or NR^(T63)

R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, or OH,

R^(T23) is H, or CO—(C₁₋₅alkyl),

R^(T61) is H,

R^(T62) is H,

R^(T63) is cycloalkyl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl), CO—(C₁₋₅alkyl which may be substituted with OH, oxo (═O), O— (lower alkyl) or nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring(s)), CO— (cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH), CO— (aryl), CO— (nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring group), CO—O—(C₁₋₅alkyl), CONH (lower alkyl), CON(lower alkyl)₂, CONH (cycloalkyl), SO₂— (lower alkyl), or SO₂— (cycloalkyl), and m is 1 or 2, or

X is

T¹ is CR^(T12) or N, T² is CR^(T22) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T42) or N, T⁵ is CR^(T52) or N, T⁶ is CR^(T62) or N, and

R^(T12), R^(T22), R^(T42), R^(T52) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, or O— (lower alkyl).

(63-2)

(63-2-1) In (63-1),

R^(T63) is CO—(C₁₋₅alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring(s)), CO— (cycloalkyl), CO— (aryl), CO— (nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring group), CON(lower alkyl)₂, or SO₂— (lower alkyl).

(63-2-2) In (63-1), R^(T63) is CO—(C₁₋₅alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), CO— (cycloalkyl), CO— (aryl), CO— (nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring group), CON(lower alkyl)₂, or SO₂— (lower alkyl).

(63-2-3) In (63-1), R^(T63) is CO—(C₁₋₅ lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), CO— (cycloalkyl), or SO₂— (lower alkyl).

(63-2-4) In (63-1), R^(T63) is acetyl, propionyl, isobutyryl, pivaloyl, 2-ethoxy-1-oxoethyl, 2-methoxy-1-oxoethyl, 3-methoxy-1-oxopropyl, 3-methoxy-2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropyl, cyclopropylcarbonyl, benzoyl, pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, methylsulfonyl, or ethylsulfonyl.

(63-2-5) In (63-1), R^(T63) is acetyl, propionyl, isobutyryl, pivaloyl, 2-ethoxy-1-oxoethyl, 2-methoxy-1-oxoethyl, 3-methoxy-1-oxopropyl, cyclopropylcarbonyl, benzoyl, pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, methylsulfonyl, or ethylsulfonyl.

(63-2-6) In (63-1), R^(T63) is acetyl, propionyl, isobutyryl, pivaloyl, 2-ethoxy-1-oxoethyl, cyclopropylcarbonyl, benzoyl, pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl, dimethylaminocarbonyl, or methylsulfonyl.

(63-3)

(63-3-1) In (63-1) to (63-2), R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H or OH.

(63-3-2) In (63-1) to (63-2), R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52) are H.

(63-4) In (63-1) to (63-3), R^(T23) is H.

(63-5) In (63-1) to (63-4), X is

T¹ is CR^(T12), T² is CH, T⁴ is CH, T⁵ is CR^(T52) or N, T⁶ is CH, and

R^(T12) and R^(T52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H or O— (lower alkyl).

(63-6)

(63-6-1) In (63-1) to (63-5), T¹ is a single bond or CR^(T11)R^(T2), T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), T³ is CR^(T31) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42), T⁵ is a single bond or (CRTR^(T52))_(m), and T⁶ is NR^(T63).

(63-6-2) In (63-1) to (63-5), T¹ is CR^(T11)R^(T12), T² is CR^(T21)R^(T22), T³ is CR^(T31), T⁴ is CR^(T41)R^(T42), T⁵ is (CR^(T51)R^(T52))_(m), and T⁶ is NR^(T63)

(63-7) In (63-1) to (63-6), m is 1.

(64)

(64-1) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC1) below,

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC1) below,

aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC1) below, or

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC1) below, and

Group G^(XC1) is

i) OH,

ii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

iii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), aryl, hetero ring group(s) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)), or oxo (═O)),

iv) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

v) cycloalkyl,

vi) hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

vii) O— (hetero ring group),

viii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

ix) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

x) oxo (═O).

(64-2) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC2) below,

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC2) below,

aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC2) below, or

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC2) below, and

Group G^(XC2) is

i) OH,

ii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

iii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), phenyl, nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group(s) (in which the nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)),

iv) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

v) cycloalkyl,

vi) monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═OO); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

vii) O— (tetrahydropyranyl),

viii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

ix) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

x) oxo (═O).

(64-3) In (64-2), vi) of Group G^(XC2) is

vi) nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O).

(64-4) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC3) below,

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC3) below

phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC3) below, or

tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,2-dihydropyridyl, thiazolyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, or benzothiazolyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC3) below, and

G^(XC3) is

i) OH,

ii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl; tetrahydropyranyl; and oxo (═O),

iii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), phenyl, piperidinyl (in which the piperidinyl group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)), or oxo (═O)),

iv) NH-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

v) cycloalkyl,

vi) 1,2-dihydropyridyl, pyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, oxazepanyl, or tetrahydropyranyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

vii) O— (tetrahydropyranyl),

viii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

ix) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

x) oxo (═O).

(64-5) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC4) below,

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC4) phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC4), or

tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,2-dihydropyridyl, piperidinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, or imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC4), and

G^(XC4) is

i) OH,

ii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl; tetrahydropyranyl; and oxo (═O),

iii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), phenyl, piperidinyl (in which the piperidinyl group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)), or oxo (═O)),

iv) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

v) cycloalkyl,

vi) 1,2-dihydropyridyl, pyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, or oxazepanyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

vii) O— (tetrahydropyranyl),

viii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

ix) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

x) oxo (═O).

(64-6) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl or oxo (═O)),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl or oxo (═O)),

aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl); and hetero ring group(s), or

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC5) below, and

G^(XC5) is

i) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

ii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or hetero ring group(s) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O))),

iii) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

iv) cycloalkyl,

v) hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

vi) O— (hetero ring group),

vii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

viii) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

ix) oxo (═O).

(64-7) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl); and nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring group(s), or

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC6) below, and

G^(XC6) is

i) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

ii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group(s) (in which the nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O))),

iii) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

iv) cycloalkyl,

v) monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

vi) O— (tetrahydropyranyl),

vii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

viii) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

ix) oxo (═O).

(64-8) In (64-7), v) of Group G^(XC6) is

v) nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O).

(64-9) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl); and pyridyl, or

tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,2-dihydropyridyl, thiazolyl, azetidinyl, piperidinyl, morpholinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, or benzothiazolyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC7) below, and

G^(XC7) is

i) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl; tetrahydropyranyl; and oxo (═O),

ii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or piperidinyl (in which the piperidinyl group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O))),

iii) NH-(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

iv) cycloalkyl,

v) 1,2-dihydropyridyl, pyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, oxazepanyl, or tetrahydropyranyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

vi) O— (tetrahydropyranyl),

vii) SO₂— (lower alkyl), viii) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

ix) oxo (═O).

(64-10) X is H,

lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl),

cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with OH or O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

phenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl); and pyridyl, or

tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, 1,2-dihydropyridyl, azetidinyl, piperidinyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, or imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC8) below, and

G^(XC8) is

i) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl; tetrahydropyranyl; and oxo (═O),

ii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or piperidinyl (in which the piperidinyl group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O))),

iii) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)),

iv) cycloalkyl,

v) 1,2-dihydropyridyl, pyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, or oxazepanyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O),

vi) O— (tetrahydropyranyl),

vii) SO₂— (lower alkyl),

viii) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or

ix) oxo (═O).

(65)

(65-1) X is

H, lower alkyl, or O— (lower alkyl), or

X is

T¹ is a single bond, CR^(T11)R^(T12), or NR^(T13), T³ is CR^(T31) or N, T⁵ is a single bond or CR^(T51)R^(T52), T⁶ is a single bond, CR^(T61)R^(T62), O, or NR^(T63),

R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T13), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T61), R^(T62) and R^(T63) are the same as or different from each other, and are

H,

OH,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl or oxo (═O)),

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxo (═O); and oxo (═O),

SO₂—(lower alkyl), or

SO₂—(cycloalkyl), or

R^(T21) and R^(T31), or R^(T41) and R^(T51) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or

R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), or

X is

T¹ is CR^(T12) or N, T² is CR^(T22) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T42) or N, T⁵ is CR^(T52) or N, T⁶ is CR^(T62) or N,

R^(T12), R^(T22), R^(T42), R^(T52) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are

H,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═OO), O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or hetero ring group(s) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O))),

NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)),

cycloalkyl,

a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O); and O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or

O— (hetero ring group), or

X is thiazolyl which may be substituted with morpholinyl or NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), benzothiazolyl, or imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl.

(65-2) X is

H, lower alkyl, or O— (lower alkyl), or

X is

T¹ is a single bond, CR^(T11)R^(T12), or NR^(T13), T³ is CR^(T3) or N, T⁵ is a single bond or CR^(T51)R^(T52), T⁶ is a single bond, CR^(T61)R^(T62), O, or NR^(T63), R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T13), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T61), R^(T62) and R^(T63) are the same as or different from each other, and are

H,

OH,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)), a monocyclic hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxo (═O); and oxo (═O),

SO₂—(lower alkyl), or

SO₂—(cycloalkyl), or

R^(T21) and R^(T31), or R^(T41) and R^(T5) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or

R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), or

X is

T¹ is CR^(T12) or N, T² is CR^(T22) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T42) or N, T⁵ is CR^(T52) or N, T⁶ is CR^(T62) or N,

R^(T12), R^(T22), R^(T42), R^(T52) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are

H,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O),

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group(s) (in which the nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O))),

NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)),

cycloalkyl,

a monocyclic hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O); and O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or

O— (monocyclic hetero ring group), or

X is thiazolyl which may be substituted with morpholinyl or NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), benzothiazolyl, or imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl.

(65-3) X is

H, lower alkyl, or O— (lower alkyl), or

X is

T¹ is a single bond, CR^(T11)R^(T12), or NR^(T13), T³ is CR^(T31) or N, T⁵ is a single bond or CR^(T51)R^(T52), T⁶ is a single bond, CR^(T61)R^(T62), O, or NR^(T63),

R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T13), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T61), R^(T62) and R^(T63) are the same as or different from each other, and are

H,

OH,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

a nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxo (═O); and oxo (═O),

SO₂—(lower alkyl), or

SO₂—(cycloalkyl), or

R^(T21) and R^(T31), or R^(T41) and R^(T51) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or

R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), or

X is

T¹ is CR^(T12) or N, T² is CR^(T22) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T42) or N, T⁵ is CR^(T52) or N, T⁶ is CR^(T62) or N,

R^(T12), R^(T22), R^(T42), R^(T52) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are

H,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O),

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group(s) (in which the nitrogen-containing monocyclic saturated hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O))),

NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)),

cycloalkyl,

a nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O); and O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or

O— (monocyclic saturated hetero ring group), or

X is thiazolyl which may be substituted with morpholinyl or NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), benzothiazolyl, or imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl.

(65-4) X is

H,

lower alkyl, or

O— (lower alkyl), or

X is

T¹ is a single bond, CR^(T11)R^(T12), or NR^(T13), T³ is CR^(T31) or N, T⁵ is a single bond or CR^(T51)R^(T52), T⁶ is a single bond, CR^(T61)R^(T62), or NR^(T63),

R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T31), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T61), R^(T62) and R^(T63) are the same as or different from each other, and are

H,

OH,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl; tetrahydropyranyl; and oxo (═O),

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

1,2-dihydropyridyl, pyridyl, or tetrahydropyranyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxo (═O); and oxo (═O),

SO₂—(lower alkyl), or

SO₂—(cycloalkyl), or

R^(T21) and R^(T31), or R^(T41) and R^(T51) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or

R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O),

or,

X is

T¹ is CR^(T12) or N, T² is CR^(T22) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T42) or N, T⁵ is CR^(T52) or N, T⁶ is CR^(T62) or N,

R^(T12), R^(T22), R^(T42), R^(T52) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are

H,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O),

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or piperidinyl (in which the piperidinyl group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O))),

NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)),

cycloalkyl,

pyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, or oxazepanyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O); and O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or

O— (tetrahydropyranyl), or

X is thiazolyl which may be substituted with morpholinyl or NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), benzothiazolyl, or imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl.

(65-5) X is

H,

lower alkyl, or

O— (lower alkyl), or

X is

T¹ is a single bond, CR^(T11)R^(T12), or NR^(T13), T³ is CR^(T31) or N, T⁵ is a single bond or CR^(T51)R^(T52), T⁶ is a single bond, CR^(T61)R^(T62), O, or NR^(T63),

R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T13), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T61), R^(T62) and R^(T63) are the same as or different from each other, and are

H,

OH,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl; tetrahydropyranyl; and oxo (═O),

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

1,2-dihydropyridyl or pyridyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxo (═O); and oxo (═O),

SO₂—(lower alkyl), or

SO₂—(cycloalkyl), or

R^(T21) and R^(T31), or R^(T41) and R^(T51) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), or

X is

T¹ is CR^(T12) or N, T² is CR^(T22) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T42) or N, T⁵ is CR^(T52) or N, T⁶ is CR^(T62) or N,

R^(T12), R^(T22), R^(T42), R^(T52) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are

H,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O), O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or piperidinyl (in which the piperidinyl group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O))),

NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)),

cycloalkyl,

pyridyl, azetidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, morpholinyl, or oxazepanyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═OO); and O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or

O— (tetrahydropyranyl), or

X is thiazolyl which may be substituted with morpholinyl or NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), benzothiazolyl, or imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl.

(66)

(66-1) In (65-1) to (65-5), X is

or

X is

(66-2) In (65-1) to (65-5), X is

(66-3) In (66-1) to (66-2),

R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T13), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T61), R^(T62) and R^(T63) are the same as or different from each other, and are

H,

OH,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; monocyclic hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

a monocyclic hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxo (═O); and oxo (═O),

SO₂—(lower alkyl), or

SO₂—(cycloalkyl), or

R^(T21) and R^(T31), or R^(T41) and R^(T51) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or

R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O).

(66-4) In (66-1) to (66-2),

R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T13), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T61), R^(T62) and R^(T63) are the same as or different from each other, and are

H,

OH,

lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl; tetrahydropyranyl; and oxo (═O),

O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)),

1,2-dihydropyridyl or pyridyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxo (═O); and oxo (═O),

SO₂—(lower alkyl), or

SO₂—(cycloalkyl), or

R^(T21) and R^(T31), or R^(T41) and R may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or

R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O).

(66-5) In (65-1) to (65-5), X is

(67)

(67-1) In (66-1) to (66-4),

T¹ is CR^(T11)R^(T12) or NR^(T13), T³ is CR^(T3), T⁵ is CR^(T51)R^(T52), T⁶ is CR^(T61)R^(T62), or NR^(T63),

R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T13), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), RTS, R^(T52), R^(T61) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are

H, or lower alkyl, or

R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O),

R^(T63) is lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of O— (lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O),

a monocyclic hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxo (═O); and oxo (═O),

SO₂—(lower alkyl), or

SO₂—(cycloalkyl), or

R^(T21) and R^(T31), or R^(T41) and R^(T51) may be combined with each other to form a new bond.

(67-2) In (67-1),

R^(T63) is lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of O— (lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; monocyclic saturated hetero ring group(s); and oxo (═O),

a nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxo (═O); and oxo (═O),

SO₂—(lower alkyl), or

SO₂—(cycloalkyl).

(67-3) In (67-1) to (67-2),

R^(T63) is lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of O— (lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cyclopropyl; pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl; tetrahydropyranyl; and oxo (═O),

1,2-dihydropyridyl or pyridyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxo (═O); and oxo (═O),

SO₂—(lower alkyl), or

SO₂—(cyclopropyl).

(67-4)

(67-4-1) In (66-1) to (66-4), and (67-1) to (67-3),

R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41) and R^(T42) are H,

R^(T51) and R^(T52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl, or O— (lower alkyl),

R^(T61) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl or oxo (═O)), or a monocyclic hetero ring group,

R^(T13) is H or lower alkyl, or

R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), or

R^(T21) and R^(T31), or R^(T41) and R^(T51) may be combined with each other to form a new bond.

(67-4-2) In (66-1) to (66-4), and (67-1) to (67-3),

R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41) and R^(T42) are H,

R^(T51) and R^(T52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl, or O— (lower alkyl),

R^(T61) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)), or a monocyclic saturated hetero ring group,

R^(T13) is H or lower alkyl, or

R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), or

R^(T21) and R^(T31), or R^(T41) and R^(T51) may be combined with each other to form a new bond.

(67-4-3) In (66-1) to (66-4), and (67-1) to (67-3),

R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41) and R^(T42) are H,

R^(T51) and R^(T52) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl, or O— (lower alkyl),

R^(T61) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with phenyl or oxo (═O)), or tetrahydropyranyl,

R^(T13) is H or lower alkyl, or

R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), or

R^(T21) and R^(T31), or R^(T41) and R^(T51) may be combined with each other to form a new bond.

(67-5) In (67-1) to (67-3),

R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T61) and R^(T62) are H, R^(T13) is H or lower alkyl, or

R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), or

R^(T2) and R^(T31), or R^(T41) and R^(T51) may be combined with each other to form a new bond.

(67-6) In (67-1) to (67-5),

T¹ is CR^(T11)R^(T12), T³ is CR^(T31), T⁵ is CR^(T51)R^(T52), and T⁶ is NR^(T63)

(67-7) In (67-1) to (67-5),

T¹ is NR^(T13), T³ is CR^(T31), T⁵ is CR^(T51)R^(T52), and T⁶ is CR^(T61)R^(T62).

(68) E is a single bond, or lower alkylene which may be substituted with oxo (═O).

(69)

(69-1) G is a single bond, O, NH, or N(lower alkyl).

(69-2) G is a single bond, O, or NH.

(70) J is a single bond or lower alkylene.

(71)

(71-1) L is O, NH, or N(lower alkyl).

(71-2) L is O or NH.

(72)

(72-1) U is a single bond, O, NH, N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), SO₂, or lower alkylene which may be substituted with oxo (═O).

(72-2) U is a single bond, O, NH, N(lower alkyl), SO₂, or lower alkylene which may be substituted with oxo (═O).

(72-3) U is a single bond, 0, or lower alkylene.

(72-4) U is a single bond, O, NH, or N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)).

(72-5) U is a single bond or O.

(73)

(73-1) V is a single bond, O, NH, N(lower alkyl), or lower alkylene which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O).

(73-2) V is a single bond, O, N(lower alkyl), or lower alkylene which may be substituted with oxo (═O).

(73-3) V is a single bond, O, or lower alkylene.

(73-4) V is a single bond or lower alkylene which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O).

(73-5) V is a single bond, O, or lower alkylene which may be substituted with oxo (═O).

(73-6) V is a single bond, or lower alkylene which may be substituted with oxo (═O).

(74)

(74-1) W is a single bond, SO, SO₂, or lower alkylene.

(74-2) W is a single bond, SO, or SO₂.

(74-3) W is a single bond or lower alkylene.

(74-4) W is a single bond.

(75) R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, or lower alkyl.

(76) R^(T61) is H.

Furthermore, other embodiments of the compound (1) of the present invention include compounds or salts thereof including a consistent combination of two or more groups among the groups described in (1) to (56) above, and specifically, the following compounds or salts thereof.

(77) The compound of the formula (I), wherein A is as described in (1).

(78) The compound of the formula (I), wherein A is as described in (2).

(79) The compound as described in (77) to (78), wherein R^(Q12), R^(Q22), R^(Q42) and

R^(Q52) are as described in (4).

(80) The compound as described in (77) to (79), wherein Q¹, Q², Q⁴ and Q⁵ are as described in (6).

(81) The compound as described in (77) to (80), wherein R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are as described in (13).

(82) The compound as described in (77) to (81), wherein E is as described in (14).

(83) The compound as described in (77) to (82), wherein G is as described in (16).

(84) The compound as described in (77) to (83), wherein J is as described in (19).

(85) The compound as described in (77) to (84), wherein L is as described in (21).

(86) The compound as described in (77) to (85), wherein U is as described in (24).

(87) The compound as described in (77) to (86), wherein V is as described in (27).

(88) The compound as described in (77) to (87), wherein W is as described in

(28).

(89) The compound as described in (77) to (88), wherein X is as described in (31).

(90) The compound as described in (89), wherein R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31) R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52) are as described in (33).

(91) The compound as described in (89) to (90), wherein R^(T63) is as described in (39).

(92) The compound as described in (89) to (91), wherein T¹, T², T³, T⁴, T⁵ and T⁶ are as described in (40).

(93) The compound as described in (89) to (91), wherein T¹, T², T³, T⁴, T⁵ and T⁶ are as described in (41).

(94) The compound as described in (89) to (91), wherein T¹, T², T³, T⁴, T⁵ and T⁶ are as described in (42).

(95) The compound as described in (89) to (91), wherein T¹, T², T³, T⁴, T⁵ and T⁶ are as described in (43).

(96) The compound as described in (89) to (95), wherein m is as described in (55).

(97) The compound as described in (89) to (95), wherein m is as described in (56).

(98) The compound of the formula (I), wherein A is as described in (3).

(99) The compound as described in (77) or (98), wherein R^(Q11), R^(Q12), R^(Q13), R^(Q31), R^(Q51), R^(Q52), R^(Q53) and RQ61 are as described in (5).

(100) The compound as described in (77), or (98) to (99), wherein Q¹, Q³, Q⁵ and Q⁶ are as described in (9).

(101) The compound as described in (77), or (98) to (99), wherein Q¹, Q³, Q⁵ and Q⁶ are as described in (12).

(102) The compound as described in (98) to (101), wherein R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are as described in (13).

(103) The compound as described in (98) to (102), wherein E is as described in (14).

(104) The compound as described in (98) to (103), wherein G is as described in (16).

(105) The compound as described in (98) to (104), wherein J is as described in (19).

(106) The compound as described in (98) to (105), wherein L is as described in (21).

(107) The compound as described in (98) to (106), wherein U is as described in (23).

(108) The compound as described in (98) to (107), wherein V is as described in (26).

(109) The compound as described in (98) to (108), wherein W is as described in (28).

(110) The compound as described in (98) to (109), wherein X is as described in (31).

(111) The compound as described in (110), wherein R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31) R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52) are as described in (33).

(112) The compound as described in (110) to (111), wherein R^(T63) is as described in (39).

(113) The compound as described in (110) to (112), wherein T¹, T², T³, T⁴, T⁵ and T⁶ are as described in (40).

(114) The compound as described in (110) to (112), wherein T¹, T², T³, T⁴, T⁵ and T⁶ are as described in (41).

(115) The compound as described in (110) to (112), wherein T¹, T², T³, T⁴, T⁵ and T⁶ are as described in (42).

(116) The compound as described in (110) to (115), wherein m is as described in (55).

(117) The compound as described in (110) to (115), wherein m is as described in (56).

In addition, still other embodiments of the compound (1) of the present invention include compounds or salts thereof including a consistent combination of two or more groups, among the groups described in (1) to (56) and (76) above, and specifically, the following compounds or salts thereof.

(118) The compound as described in (77) to (117), wherein R^(T61) is as described in (76).

(119) The compound as described in (77) to (117), or (118), wherein R^(T62) is as described in (36) to (38).

In addition, further still other embodiments of the compound (1) of the present invention include compounds or salts thereof including a consistent combination of two or more groups, among the groups described in (1) to (76) above, and specifically, the following compounds or salts thereof.

(120) The compound of the formula (I), wherein A is as described in (1) or (57).

(121) The compound of the formula (I), wherein A is as described in (2) or (58).

(122) The compound as described in (120) to (121), wherein R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are as described in (13) or (75).

(123) The compound as described in (120) to (122), wherein E is as described in (14), (15), or (68).

(124) The compound as described in (120) to (123), wherein G is as described in (16), (17), (18), or (69).

(125) The compound as described in (120) to (124), wherein J is as described in (19), (20), or (70).

(126) The compound as described in (120) to (125), wherein L is as described in (21), (22), or (71).

(127) The compound as described in (120) to (126), wherein U is as described in (23), (24), (25), or (72).

(128) The compound as described in (120) to (127), wherein V is as described in (26), (27), or (73).

(129) The compound as described in (120) to (128), wherein W is as described in (28), (29), or (74).

(130) The compound as described in (120) to (129), wherein X is as described in (60) or (61).

(131) The compound as described in (120) to (129), wherein X is as described in (31), or (62) to (63).

(132) The compound as described in (131), wherein R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31) R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52) are as described in (33).

(133) The compound as described in (131) to (132), wherein R^(T61) is as described in (76).

(134) The compound as described in (131) to (133), wherein R^(T62) is as described in (36) to (38).

(135) The compound as described in (131) to (134), wherein R^(T63) is as described in (39).

(136) The compound as described in (131) to (135), wherein T¹, T², T³, T⁴, T⁵ and T⁶ are as described in (40).

(137) The compound as described in (131) to (135), wherein T¹, T², T³, T⁴, T⁵ and T⁶ are as described in (41).

(138) The compound as described in (131) to (135), wherein T¹, T², T³, T⁴, T⁵ and T⁶ are as described in (42).

(139) The compound as described in (131) to (135), wherein T¹, T², T³, T⁴, T⁵ and T⁶ are as described in (43).

(140) The compound as described in (131) to (139), wherein m is as described in (55).

(141 The compound as described in (131) to (139), wherein m is as described in (56).

(142) The compound as described in (I), wherein A is as described in (3) or (59).

(143) The compound as described in (120), or (142), wherein R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are as described in (13) or (75).

(144) The compound as described in (120), or (142) to (143), wherein E is as described in (14), (15), or (68).

(145) The compound as described in (120), or (142) to (144), wherein G is as described in (16), (17), (18), or (69).

(146) The compound as described in (120), or (142) to (145), wherein J is as described in (19), (20), or (70).

(147) The compound as described in (120), or (142) to (146), wherein L is as described in (21), (22), or (71).

(148) The compound as described in (120), or (142) to (147), wherein U is as described in (23), (24), (25), or (72).

(149) The compound as described in (120), or (142) to (148), wherein V is as described in (26), (27), or (73).

(150) The compound as described in (120), or (142) to (149), wherein W is as described in (28), (29), or (74).

(151) The compound as described in (120), or (142) to (150), wherein X is as described in (60), (61), or (64).

(152) The compound as described in (120), or (142) to (150), wherein X is as described in (31), (65) to (67).

(153) The compound as described in (152), wherein R^(T11), R^(T2), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31) R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51) and R^(T52) are as described in (33).

(154) The compound as described in (152) to (153), wherein R^(T61) is as described in (76).

(155) The compound as described in (152) to (154), wherein R^(T62) is as described in (36) to (38).

(156) The compound as described in (152) to (155), wherein R^(T63) is as described in (39).

(157) The compound as described in (152) to (156), wherein T¹, T², T³, T⁴, T⁵ and T⁶ are as described in (40).

(158) The compound as described in (152) to (156), wherein T¹, T², T³, T⁴, T⁵ and T⁶ are as described in (41).

(159) The compound as described in (152) to (156), wherein T¹, T², T³, T⁴, T⁵ and T⁶ are as described in (42).

(160) The compound as described in (152) to (159), wherein m is as described in (55).

(161) The compound as described in (152) to (159), wherein m is as described in (56).

Specific examples of the compound encompassed by the present invention include the following compounds or salts thereof:

-   1-carbamimidoyl-3-{3-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]benzyl}urea, -   2-fluoro-3-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]benzylcarbamimidoylcarbamate, -   3-{2-[(3S)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl]pyrimidin-5-yl}benzylcarbamimidoylcarbamat     e, -   N-{4-[2-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)amino]methyl}phenyl)ethyl]-1,3-thiazol-2-yl}acetamide, -   2-fluoro-3-[2-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]benzylcarbamimidoylcarba     mate, -   2-fluoro-3-[4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl]benzylcarbamimidoylcarbamate, -   3-(4-{4-[5-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)oxy]methyl}-2-fluorophenyl)pyrimidi     n-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl}phenyl)propanoic acid, -   2-fluoro-3-{4-[2-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl}benzylca     rbamimidoylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-{4-[2-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpiperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-y     l}benzylcarbamimidoylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-(4-{2-[(3R)-3-fluoropyrrolidin-1-yl]pyrimidin-5-yl}piperazin-1-yl)     ben zylcarbamimidoylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-[4-(2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)piperazin-1-yl]benzylcarbamimidoylcarb     amate, -   3-{2-[(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)methoxy]pyrimidin-5-yl}-2-fluorobenzylcarbamimi     doylcarbamate, -   3-(2-{[1-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methoxy}pyrimidin-5-yl)-2-fluorob     enzylcarbamimidoylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-(2-{[1-(pyridin-3-ylcarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methoxy}pyrimidin-5-yl)_(b)     enzylcarbamimidoylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-{4-[(trans-4-methoxycyclohexyl)carbonyl]piperazin-1-yl}benzylcarba     mimidoylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-[4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylacetyl)piperazin-1-yl]benzylcarbamimido     ylcarbamate, -   3-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-fluorobenzylcarbamimidoylcarbamate, -   3-{4-[(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]piperidin-1-yl}-2-fluorobenzylcarbamimidoylca     rbamate, -   1-(3-{2-[(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)methoxy]pyrimidin-5-yl}-2-fluorobenzyl)-3-carb     amimidoylurea, -   2-fluoro-3-[4-(pyridin-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]benzylcarbamimidoylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-[4-(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]benzylcarbamimidoylcarbama     te, -   2-fluoro-3-[3-oxo-4-(pyridin-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]benzylcarbamimidoylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-{3-[(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy]azetidin-1-yl}benzylcarbamimidoy     lcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-{3-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)oxy]azetidin-1-yl}benzylcarbamimidoylcarb     amate, -   2-fluoro-3-(3-{[6-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl]oxy}azetidin-1-yl)benzylcarbami     midoylcarbamate, -   3-{3-[(2,6-dimethylpyridin-4-yl)methoxy]azetidin-1-yl}-2-fluorobenzylcarbamimi     doylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-{4-[6-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl]piperazin-1-yl}benzylcarbamimid     oylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-[4-(imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-7-yl)piperazin-1-yl]benzylcarbamimidoylcar     bamate, -   2-fluoro-3-{3-[(1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)oxy]azetidin-1-yl}benzyl     carbamimidoylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-{4-[5-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl]piperazin-1-yl}benzylcarbamimid     oylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-{4-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)pyridin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}benzylcarbamimi     doylcarbamate, -   3-[3-(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)azetidin-1-yl]-2-fluorobenzylcarbamimidoylcarbamat     e, -   2-fluoro-3-[3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)azetidin-1-yl]benzylcarbamimidoylcarba     mate, -   3-{3-[1-(cyclopropylcarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl]azetidin-1-yl}-2-fluorobenzylcarbam     imidoylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-{3-[1-(methoxyacetyl)piperidin-4-yl]azetidin-1-yl}benzylcarbamimido     ylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-{3-[1-(3-methoxypropanoyl)piperidin-4-yl]azetidin-1-yl}benzylcarbam     imidoylcarbamate, -   2-fluoro-3-{3-[1-(methylsulfonyl)piperidin-4-yl]azetidin-1-yl}benzylcarbamimido     ylcarbamate, or -   2-fluoro-3-{4-[2-(methoxymethyl)pyridin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}benzylcarbamimid     oylcarbamate.

The compound of the formula (I) may exist in the form of tautomers or geometrical isomers depending on the kind of substituents. In the present specification, the compound of the formula (I) shall be described in only one form of isomer, yet the present invention includes other isomers, an isolated form of the isomers, or a mixture thereof.

In addition, the compound of the formula (I) may have asymmetric carbon atoms or axial asymmetry in some cases, and correspondingly, it may exist in the form of optical isomers based thereon. The present invention includes both an isolated form of the optical isomers of the compound of the formula (I) or a mixture thereof.

Moreover, the present invention also includes a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug of the compound represented by the formula (I). The pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug is a compound having a group that can be converted into an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, or the like through solvolysis or under physiological conditions. Examples of the group forming the prodrug include the groups described in Prog. Med., 5, 2157-2161 (1985) and “Pharmaceutical Research and Development” (Hirokawa Publishing Company, 1990), Vol. 7, Drug Design, 163-198.

Furthermore, the salt of the compound of the formula (I) is a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound of the formula (I) and may form an acid addition salt or a salt with a base depending on the kind of substituents. Specific examples thereof include acid addition salts with inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and the like, and with organic acids such as formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, tartaric acid, dibenzoyltartaric acid, ditoluoyltartaric acid, citric acid, methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, and the like, and salts with inorganic bases such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, and the like or organic bases such as methylamine, ethylamine, ethanolamine, lysine, ornithine, and the like, salts with various amino acids or amino acid derivatives such as acetylleucine and the like, ammonium salts, etc.

In addition, the present invention also includes various hydrates or solvates, and polymorphic crystalline substances of the compound of the formula (I) and salts thereof. In addition, the present invention also includes compounds labeled with various radioactive or non-radioactive isotopes.

(Preparation Methods)

The compound of the formula (I) and a salt thereof can be prepared using the characteristics based on the basic structure or the type of substituents thereof and by applying various known synthesis methods. During the preparation, replacing the relevant functional group with a suitable protective group (a group that can be easily converted into the relevant functional group) at the stage from starting material to an intermediate may be effective depending on the type of the functional group in the production technology in some cases. The protective group for such a functional group may include, for example, the protective groups described in “Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (4^(th) edition, 2006)”, P. G. M. Wuts and T. W. Greene, and one of these may be selected and used as necessary depending on the reaction conditions. In this kind of method, a desired compound can be obtained by introducing the protective group, by carrying out the reaction and by eliminating the protective group as necessary.

In addition, the prodrug of the compound of the formula (I) can be prepared by introducing a specific group at the stage from a starting material to an intermediate, as in the case of the above-mentioned protective group, or by carrying out the reaction using the obtained compound of the formula (I). The reaction can be carried out using methods known to those skilled in the art, such as ordinary esterification, amidation, dehydration, and the like.

Hereinbelow, the representative preparation methods for the compound of the formula (I) will be described. Each of the production processes may also be carried out with reference to the References appended in the present description. Further, the preparation methods of the present invention are not limited to the examples as shown below. Further, depending on the compounds, the preparation method can be carried out while changing the sequence of the production processes.

(Production Process 1)

The compound (1) of the present invention can be obtained by the condensation of the compound (29) with guanidine in the presence of 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI).

In this reaction, the compound (29) and guanidine in an equivalent amount or an excess amount are used, and a mixture thereof is stirred in a range of from cooling to heating, preferably at −20° C. to 60° C., usually for about 0.1 hours to 5 days, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction, in the presence of CDI. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and the like, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, DMF, DMSO, EtOAc, acetonitrile, or water, and a mixture thereof. It may be in some cases advantageous for smooth progress of the reaction to carry out the reaction in the presence of organic bases such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, DBU, and the like, or inorganic bases such as sodium hydride, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, and the like.

[Document]

Synthesis 2006, 4, 629-632

(Starting Material Synthesis 1)

The compound (2) can be obtained by the bromination reaction of the compound (1).

For the bromination reaction, the compound (1) and a brominating agent in an equivalent amount or an excess amount are used, and a mixture thereof is stirred in a range of from cooling to heating and refluxing, preferably at −20° C. to 200° C., and more preferably at a temperature from −10° C. to 150° C., usually for about 0.1 hours to 5 days, without a solvent or in a solvent which is inert to the reaction. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, tert-butanol, and the like, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and the like, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and a mixture thereof. It may be in some cases advantageous for smooth progress of the reaction to carry out the reaction in the presence of a Lewis acid such as aluminum chloride (AlCl₃), boron trifluoride (BF₃), and the like, or a radical initiator such as α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) and the like. Examples of the brominating reagent include N-bromosuccinimide, in addition to bromine (Br₂).

(Starting Material Synthesis 2)

The compound (4) can be obtained by the reduction reaction of a compound (3). In this reaction, the compound (3) is treated by using a reducing agent in an equivalent amount or an excess amount, or a metallic catalyst in a catalytic amount or an excess amount in a range of from cooling to heating, preferably at −20° C. to 80° C., usually for about 0.1 hours to 3 days, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethyl acetate, and a mixture thereof. As the reducing agent, metal reducing agents such as zinc, iron, tin, and the like, and reducing agents described in the documents below are suitably used. Alternatively, in the reaction using a metal catalyst such as palladium, platinum, and the like, hydrogen gas atmosphere or ammonium formate is used as a hydrogen source.

[Documents]

M. Hudlicky, “Reductions in Organic Chemistry, 2^(nd) Ed. (ACS Monograph: 188)”, ACS, 1996

R. C. Larock, “Comprehensive Organic Transformations”, 2^(nd) Ed., VCH Publishers, Inc., 1999

T. J. Donohoe, “Oxidation and Reduction in Organic Synthesis (Oxford Chemistry Primers 6)”, Oxford Science Publications, 2000 “Jikken Kagaku Koza” (Courses in Experimental Chemistry) (5^(th) Edition), edited by The Chemical Society of Japan, Vol. 14 (2005) (Maruzen)

The compound (42) can be obtained by subjecting the compound (4) to a Sandmeyer's Reaction.

In this reaction, the compound (4) is converted into a diazonium salt by reaction of the compound (4) in the presence of hydrogen halide and sodium nitrite in an equivalent amount or an excess amount, in a range of from cooling to heating, preferably at −20° C. to 80° C., usually for about 0.1 hours to 3 days, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethyl acetate, and a mixture thereof. Next, the compound (42) can be obtained by reaction of the obtained diazonium salt of the compound (4) in the presence of copper (I) halide in an equivalent amount or an excess amount, in a range of from room temperature to heating, preferably at −20° C. to 80° C., usually for about 0.1 hours to 3 days, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethyl acetate, and a mixture thereof. Further, examples of the copper (I) halide as used herein include copper (I) chloride and copper (I) bromide.

(Starting Material Synthesis 3)

(wherein E¹ represents lower alkylene which may be substituted having a number of carbon atoms one less than that of carbon atoms in lower alkylene which may be substituted in E).

The compound (6) can be obtained by the reduction reaction of the compound (5). In this reduction reaction, the compound (5) is converted into an ester or treated with CDI, and then treated with a reducing agent in an equivalent amount or an excess amount in a range of from cooling to heating, preferably at −78° C. to 120° C., usually for about 0.1 hours to 3 days, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, and a mixture thereof. As the reducing agent, sodium borohydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, or the like is suitably used.

A compound (7) can be obtained by the hydrolysis reaction of a compound (6).

In this hydrolysis reaction, the compound (6) is treated with an acid or base in an equivalent amount or an excess amount in a range of from cooling to heating, preferably at 25° C. to 120° C., usually for about 0.1 hours to 3 days, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, water, and a mixture thereof. As the acid, for example, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or the like is suitably used. As the base, sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, or the like is suitably used, and the reaction is carried out in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, it maybe advantageous in the reaction to proceed smoothly.

[Documents]

B. M. Trost, “Comprehensive Organic Synthesis”, Vol. 7, 1991

M. Hudlicky, “Oxidation in Organic Chemistry (ACS Monograph: 186)”, ACS, 1990

“Jikken Kagaku Koza” (Courses in Experimental Chemistry) (5^(th) Edition), edited by The Chemical Society of Japan, Vol. 17 (2005) (Maruzen)

(Starting Material Synthesis 4)

(wherein Lv represents a leaving group, K represents CH₂ or C(═O), and when K is C(═O), L represents O).

A compound (10) can be synthesized by subjecting the compound (8) to a Wittig reaction. Here, examples of the leaving group, Lv, include halogen, a methanesulfonyloxy group, a p-toluenesulfonyloxy group, and the like.

In this reaction, the compound (8) is converted into a phosphonium salt in the presence of a phosphorous compound in an equivalent amount or in an excess amount in a range of from cooling to heating, preferably at −20° C. to 150° C., usually for about 0.1 hours to 3 days, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and a mixture thereof. As the phosphorous compound, for example, an alkyltriphenylphosphonium salt is suitably used, and specific examples thereof include (methoxymethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride, (methylthiomethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride, and the like. Thereafter, the phosphonium salt of the compound (8) and the compound (9) are converted into the compound (10) by treating them in a range of from cooling to heating, preferably at −20° C. to 80° C., usually for about 0.1 hours to 3 days, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and a mixture thereof. It may be in some cases advantageous for smooth progress of the reaction to carry out the reaction in the presence of a base such as sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, n-butyllithium, potassium tert-butoxide, sodium ethoxide, sodium methoxide, and the like.

The compound (11) can be obtained by the hydrogenation reaction of the compound (10).

In this reaction, the compound (10) is stirred under hydrogen atmosphere, preferably at normal pressure to 3 atm., in a range of from cooling to heating, preferably at room temperature to 50° C., usually for about 1 hour to 5 days, in the presence of a metallic catalyst, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and the like, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, water, ethyl acetate, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and a mixture thereof. As the metal catalyst, palladium catalysts such as palladium carbon, palladium black, palladium hydroxide, and the like, platinum catalysts such as a platinum plate, platinum oxide, and the like, nickel catalysts such as reduced nickel, Raney nickel, and the like, rhodium catalysts such as tetrakistriphenylphosphine chlororhodium, and the like, or iron catalysts such as reduced iron and the like are suitably used. Instead of the hydrogen gas, formic acid or ammonium formate in an equivalent amount or an excess amount may also be used as a hydrogen source, relative to the compound (10).

[Documents]

M. Hudlicky, “Reductions in Organic Chemistry, 2^(nd) ed (ACS Monograph: 188)”, ACS, 1996

“Jikken Kagaku Koza” (Courses in Experimental Chemistry) (5^(th) Edition), edited by The Chemical Society of Japan, Vol. 19 (2005) (Maruzen)

(Starting Material Synthesis 5)

(wherein G¹ represents O, NH, N(lower alkyl which may be substituted)).

The compound (14) can be obtained by the substitution reaction of the compound (12) and the compound (13).

In this reaction, the compound (12) and the compound (13) in an equivalent amount or an excess amount are used, a mixture thereof is stirred in a range of from cooling to heating and refluxing, preferably at 0° C. to 200° C., and more preferably at 60° C. to 150° C., usually for 0.1 hours to 5 days in a solvent which is inert to the reaction or without a solvent. It is in some cases advantageous for smooth progress of the reaction to carry out the reaction under irradiation with microwaves. The solvent used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, tert-butanol, and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and the like, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and a mixture thereof. It may be advantageous in some cases for the smooth progress of the reaction to carry out the reaction in the presence of an organic base such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, and the like, or an inorganic base such as sodium tert-butoxide, potassium carbonate, sodium bis(methylsilyl)amide, sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydride and the like.

Furthermore, the reaction may be carried out by using a catalyst which is not particularly limited, but includes catalysts used for Ullmann reaction, a Buchwald-Hartwig reaction, or the like. The catalyst as used herein is not particularly limited, but a suitable combination of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium,

-   tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium, or the like with -   1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diylbis(diphenylphosphine), -   4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9′-dimethylxanthene (Xantphos), -   2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos), -   2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (XPhos), and     the like can be used.

[Documents]

S. R. Sandler and W. Karo, “Organic Functional Group Preparations”, 2^(nd) Ed., Vol. 1, Academic Press Inc., 1991

“Jikken Kagaku Koza” (Courses in Experimental Chemistry) (5^(th) Edition), edited by The Chemical Society of Japan, Vol. 14 (2005) (Maruzen) Synthesis 2006, 4, 629 to 632

(Starting Material Synthesis 6)

The compound (16) can be obtained by the substitution reaction of the compound (15) and the compound (13). This reaction can be carried out using the same conditions as for the substitution reaction in Starting Material Synthesis 5.

(Starting Material Synthesis 7)

The compound (18) can be obtained by the reduction reaction of the compound (17). The present reaction can be carried out using the same reaction conditions in Starting Material Synthesis 3. As the reducing agent in the present reaction, lithium aluminum hydride, borane, sodium borohydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, or the like can be used.

(Starting Material Synthesis 8)

(R^(B1) and R^(B2) are the same as or different from each other, and are H or lower alkyl, or R^(B1) and R^(B2) are combined with each other to represent lower alkylene).

The compound (20) can be obtained by formation reaction of boronate ester of the compound (19).

For the reaction, a mixture of the compound (19) and the reagent for the formation of boronate ester in an equivalent amount or an excess amount is stirred in a range of from cooling to heating, preferably at −20° C. to 60° C., usually for about 0.1 hours to 5 days, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction, in the presence of an organic metal compound. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and the like, ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, DMF, DMSO, EtOAc, acetonitrile, water, and a mixture thereof. Examples of the reagent for the formation of boronate ester include triisopropyl borate, tributyl borate, and the like. Examples of the organic metal compound as used in the present reaction include organic lithium compounds such as n-butyl lithium and the like.

Furthermore, the compound (22) can be obtained by the coupling reaction of the compound (20) and the compound (21).

In this reaction, a mixture of the compound (20) and the compound (21) in an equivalent amount or an excess amount is stirred in a range of from cooling to heating and refluxing, and preferably 0° C. to 80° C., in a solvent which is inert to the reaction or without a solvent, usually for 0.1 hours to 5 days. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and the like, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile and a mixture thereof. It may be in some cases advantageous for smooth progress of the reaction to carry out the reaction in the presence of organic bases such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine, N-methylmorpholine, and the like, or inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium phosphate, potassium hydroxide, and the like.

Furthermore, the reaction can also be carried out using, for example, a catalyst used for the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction, but is not limited thereto. The catalyst as used herein is not particularly limited, but tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0), palladium acetate (II), dichloro[1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphenylphosphino)ferrocene]palladium (II), bistriphenylphosphine palladium chloride (II), or the like can be used. Further, the coupling reaction can also be carried out using metal palladium (0).

(Starting Material Synthesis 9)

The compound (24) can be prepared by formation reaction of boronate ester of the compound (23). This reaction can be carried out using the same reaction conditions as in Starting Material Synthesis 8 as described above.

The compound (25) can be obtained by the coupling reaction of the compound (24) and the compound (21). This reaction can be carried out using the same reaction conditions as in Starting Material Synthesis 8 as described above.

Furthermore, a compound (26) can be obtained by the reduction reaction of the compound (25). In this reduction reaction, the compound (25) is treated with a reducing agent in an equivalent amount or an excess amount in a range of from cooling to heating, preferably at −78° C. to 120° C., usually for about 0.1 hours to 3 days, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include ethers such as diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, and a mixture thereof. As the reducing agent, sodium borohydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, or the like is suitably used.

(Starting Material Synthesis 10)

The compound (29) can be obtained by the substitution reaction of the compound (27) and the compound (28). This reaction can be carried out using the same reaction conditions in Starting Material Synthesis 5.

(Starting Material Synthesis 11)

The compound (30) can be prepared by the boronic acid esterification reaction of the compound (29). This reaction can be carried out using the same reaction conditions as in Starting Material Synthesis 8 as described above.

The compound (31) can be obtained by the hydrolysis reaction of the compound (30).

In this reaction, a mixture of the compound (30) and water in an equivalent amount or an excess amount is stirred in a range of from cooling to heating and refluxing, preferably at 0° C. to 80° C., usually for about 0.1 hours to 5 hours, in a solvent which is inert to the reaction or without a solvent. The solvent as used herein is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, and the like, ethers such as dimethyl ether, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethoxyethane, and the like, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, and the like, N,N-dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, and a mixture thereof. Examples of the oxidant include sodium perborate.hexahydrate, aqueous hydrogen peroxide, and the like.

(Starting Material Synthesis 12)

represents a nitrogen-containing hetero ring group which may be substituted, and the substituent represents an acceptable substituent in the hetero ring group which may be substituted in A).

The compound (35) can be obtained by the substitution reaction of the compound (33) and the compound (34). This reaction can be carried out using the same conditions as for the substitution reaction in Starting Material Synthesis 5.

(Starting Material Synthesis 13)

The compound (38) can be obtained by the substitution reaction of the compound (36) and the compound (37). This reaction can be carried out using the same conditions as for the substitution reaction in Starting Material Synthesis 5.

(Starting Material Synthesis 14)

(wherein in the formula:

M¹ is a single bond or CR^(M11)R^(M12), M³ is CR^(M31) or N, M⁵ is a single bond or (CR^(M51)R^(M52))_(n), M⁶ is CR^(M61)R^(M62), O, or NR^(M63), wherein either one of M³ and M⁶ is N, R^(M11), R^(M12), R^(M21), R^(M22), R^(M31), R^(M41), R^(M42), R^(M51), R^(M52), R^(M61), R^(M62) and R^(M63) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, halogen, lower alkyl which may be substituted, O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted), or SO₂— (lower alkyl which may be substituted), or R^(M21) and R^(M31) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or R^(M11) and R^(M12), R^(M21) and R^(M22), R^(M41) and R^(M42), R^(M51) and RM⁵², or R^(M61) and R^(M62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), and n is 1 or 2).

The compound (41) among the compounds (37) can be obtained by the substitution reaction of the compound (39) and the compound (40). This reaction can be carried out using the same conditions as for the substitution reaction in Starting Material Synthesis 5.

The compounds of the formula (I) can be isolated and purified as their free compounds, salts, hydrates, solvates, or polymorphic crystalline substances thereof. The salts of the compound of the formula (I) can be prepared by carrying out the treatment of a conventional salt forming reaction.

Isolation and purification are carried out by employing ordinary chemical operations such as extraction, fractional crystallization, various types of fractional chromatography, and the like.

Various isomers can be prepared by selecting an appropriate starting compound or separated by using the difference in the physicochemical properties between the isomers. For example, the optical isomers can be obtained by means of a general method for designing optical resolution of racemic products (for example, fractional crystallization for inducing diastereomer salts with optically active bases or acids, chromatography using a chiral column or the like, and others), and further, the isomers can also be prepared from an appropriate optically active starting compound.

The pharmacological activity of the compound of the formula (I) was confirmed by the tests shown below.

Test Example 1 Inhibitory Effect on Human VAP-1 Enzyme (SSAO) Activity

A human VAP-1 enzyme (SSAO) (reference: J Exp Med. 1998 Jul. 6; 188(1): 17 to 27) activity was measured by a radiochemistry-enzymatic assay using ¹⁴C-benzylamine as an artificial substrate. After homogenizing CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells stably expressing a human VAP-1 enzyme (SSAO) in a 50 mM phosphate buffer containing 1% NP-40, an enzyme suspension was obtained by taking the supernatant obtained by centrifugation. The enzyme suspension was preincubated with the compound of the present invention in a 96-well microplate at room temperature for 30 minutes. Subsequently, the enzyme suspension was incubated with ¹⁴C-benzylamine (a final concentration of 1×10⁻⁵ mol/L) to a final volume of 50 mL at 37° C. for 1 hour. The enzymatic reaction was stopped by the addition of 2 mol/L (50 μL) of citric acid. The oxidation products were extracted directly into a 200 μL toluene scintillator, and the radioactivity was measured with a scintillation spectrometer.

Test Example 2 Inhibitory Effect on Rat VAP-1 Enzyme (SSAO) Activity

A rat VAP-1 enzyme (SSAO) (reference: Biol Pharm Bull. 2005 March; 28(3): 413-8) activity was measured by a radiochemistry-enzymatic assay using ¹⁴C-benzylamine as an artificial substrate. After homogenizing CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells stably expressing a rat VAP-1 enzyme (SSAO) in a 50 mM phosphate buffer containing 1% NP-40, an enzyme suspension was obtained by taking the supernatant obtained by centrifugation. The enzyme suspension was preincubated with the compound of the present invention in a 96-well microplate at room temperature for 30 minutes. Subsequently, the enzyme suspension was incubated with ¹⁴C-benzylamine (a final concentration of 1×10⁻⁵ mol/L) to a final volume of 50 mL at 37° C. for 1 hour. The enzymatic reaction was stopped by the addition of 2 mol/L (50 μL) of citric acid. The oxidation products were extracted directly in a 200 μL toluene scintillator, and the radioactivity was measured with a scintillation spectrometer.

The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the inhibitory activity is expressed as an IC₅₀ (nmol/L) value. Further, Ex in the tables represents Example No.

TABLE 1 human rat Ex (nM) (nM) 11 5.2 2.2 29 7.2 1.9 52 23 1.7 63 3.4 1.1 74 5.3 1.8 81 9.7 3.9 83 25 1.9 105 14 2.6 110 32 1.4 118 29 1.7 126 15 0.53 157 49 2.1 178 33 4.4 220 25 1 273 19 0.95 293 19 0.97 300 19 1.7 304 34 6.6 316 11 0.9 322 51 22 335 11 2 551 14 1.8 552 25 5.5 553 20 3 554 21 0.97 555 20 3.5 556 2.7 1.3 557 11 1.6 558 23 1.2 559 4.3 0.81 560 9 1.4 561 9.6 1.6 562 14 1.4 563 20 1.5 564 19 1.5 565 19 2.5 566 6.3 1.2 567 4.3 0.81

From these test, it was confirmed that the compound of the present invention has an extremely high inhibitory activity on human and rat VAP-1.

Test Example 3 Inhibitory Effect on Rat VAP-1 Enzyme (SSAO) Activity in Rat Plasma

Eight-week to twelve-week Wistar male rats were fasted for 20 hours, and orally administered with a test drug (0.3 mg/1 kg). Heparin blood collection from the tail vein was performed immediately before the administration, and at 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h, or 24 h after the administration. The resulting blood was subjected to centrifugation at 14000 rpm for 5 minutes to separate plasma, and the VAP-1 enzyme activity in the resulting plasma was measured by a radio-enzyme assay method.

For the radio-enzyme assay method, ¹⁴C-benzylamine which is a synthetic substrate (10 μM) was reacted with the resulting plasma at 37° C., and the resulting metabolite was extracted with a mixture of toluene/ethyl acetate. The radioactivity was measured and taken as a VAP-1 enzyme activity in the plasma. The effect of the test drug was calculated from the inhibitory ratio (%) of the VAP-1 activity after the administration of the test drug relative to the VAP-1 activity in the plasma immediately before the administration. Further, Ex in the tables represents Example No.

Reference Document Diabetologia (1997) 40 1243-1250

TABLE 2 Inhibition Ratio (%) Ex 1 h 3 h 6 h 12 h 24 h 11 64 70 63 12 29 46 60 58 22 52 90 68 52 37 63 83 87 80 68 74 79 74 81 40 81 78 78 78 53 83 34 66 86 53 105 22 38 31 6 110 96 96 95 75 118 87 86 88 59 126 98 97 97 69 157 95 91 80 39 178 63 73 67 80 220 80 80 84 27 273 55 74 54 19 293 59 83 72 60 300 92 93 88 85 304 52 56 56 18 316 91 99 98 91 322 40 55 50 38 335 82 84 86 83 551 68 59 51 5 552 93 81 75 24 553 67 57 50 40 554 99 100 87 72 555 67 69 54 27 556 55 70 46 19 557 53 71 56 22 558 84 87 81 62 559 86 89 82 59 560 89 91 84 58 561 91 92 85 64 562 79 81 78 37 563 69 77 70 43 564 89 90 85 59 565 77 83 71 47 566 75 74 70 38 567 86 89 82 59

Test Example 4 Effect on Albuminuria in Rats with Diabetes Mellitus

Seven- to eight-week SD rats (having weights up to 200 to 250 g during fasting) were used and fasted for 20 hours, and then intraperitoneally administered with 60 mg/ml/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) prepared with a 2 mmol/1 citric acid buffer (pH 4.5). At the same time, the control rats were injected with the same amount of a 2 mmol/1 citric acid buffer (pH 4.5). The blood glucose value was measured using a colorimetric method, and the rats that had showed a value of 350 mg/dl blood glucose levels on day 3 after the treatment with STZ were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.

The test substance was given daily for 4 weeks after the treatment with STZ. After 4 weeks of the treatment with the test substance, 24-hour urine collection was performed using metabolic cages.

The amounts of urinary albunmin excretion after 4 weeks were 67 (mg/gCr) and 236 (mg/gCr) with the control group and the STZ-treated group, respectively, and the amount of urinary albunmin excretion of the STZ-treated group increased 3.5 times than that of the control group. On the other hand, as a result of the oral administration of the compound of Example 11 in the amount of 0.3 mg/kg once daily, an amount of urinary albunmin excretion was 103 (mg/gCr), which was decreased to 1.5 times than that of the control group.

Furthermore, in the test with the compound of Example 557, the amount of urinary albunmin excretion after 4 weeks were 45 (mg/gCr) and 234 (mg/gCr) with the control group and the STZ-treated group, respectively, and the amount of urinary albunmin excretion of the STZ-treated group was increased to 5.2 times than that of the control group. On the other hand, as a result of the oral administration of the compound of Example 557 in the amount of 0.3 mg/kg once daily, amount of urinary albunmin excretion was 105 (mg/gCr), which was decreased to 2.3 times than that of the control group.

Test Example 5 Effect on Eye Permeability in Rats with Diabetes Mellitus

Seven-week Long-Evans rats (having weights up to 200 to 250 g during fasting) were used and fasted for 20 hours, and then intraperitoneally administered with 60 mg/ml/kg of streptozotocin (STZ) prepared with a 2 mmol/1 citric acid buffer (pH 4.5). At the same time, the control rats were injected with the same amount of a 2 mmol/1 citric acid buffer (pH 4.5). The blood glucose value was measured using a colorimetric method, and the rats that had showed a value of 350 mg/dl blood glucose levels on day 3 after the treatment with STZ were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.

The test substance was given daily for 2 weeks after the treatment with STZ. After 2 weeks of the treatment with the test substance, the retinal vascular permeability was examined after 24 hours from the date of the final administration. The retinal permeability was examined on the basis of the dye leakage into the retina after 2 h from the tail vein administration of 40 mg/ml/kg of Evans Blue Dye solution. The permeability as an index of the evaluation was expressed in the ratio of the retinal concentration/plasma concentration of the Evans Blue Dye. Measurement of the Evans Blue Dye concentration was carried out by measuring the absorbance using a plate reader.

After the result of the tests above, it was confirmed that some of the compounds of the formula (I) constantly exhibit a VAP-1 activity in blood in the oral administration test with rats. Therefore, the compounds can be used for treatment of VAP-1-related diseases or the like.

In the present specification, the thermal analysis measurement was carried out in the following order.

(Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC Analysis))

The DSC analysis was carried out using a Q1000 manufactured by TA Instruments. Approximately 2 mg of a sample was charged in an exclusively-used aluminum-made sample pan, and the change in heat amount generated between the sample and a reference (an empty aluminum sample pan), with a measurement range from room temperature to 300° C. under nitrogen atmosphere (50 mL/min) and a temperature elevating rate of 10° C./min were continuously measured and recorded. Furthermore, the devices including data processing was handled in accordance to the methods and procedures as instructed in each device.

Furthermore, the term “around” as used in the values of the endothermic onset temperature in DSC largely means the values of the temperature of the endothermic onset (extrapolation initiation), preferably, it means that the values be not more or less than the values by 2° C., and more preferably, it means that the values be not more or less than the values by 1° C.

A pharmaceutical composition containing one or two or more kinds of the compound of the formula (I) or a salt thereof as an active ingredient can be prepared using excipients that are usually used in the art, that is, excipients for pharmaceutical preparations, carriers for pharmaceutical preparations, and the like according to the methods usually used.

Administration can be accomplished either by oral administration via tablets, pills, capsules, granules, powders, solutions, and the like, or parenteral administration, such as injections such as intraarticular, intravenous, and intramuscular injections, suppositories, ophthalmic solutions, eye ointments, transdermal liquid preparations, ointments, transdermal patches, transmucosal liquid preparations, transmucosal patches, inhalers, and the like.

The solid composition for use in the oral administration is used in the form of tablets, powders, granules, or the like. In such a solid composition, one or more active ingredient(s) are mixed with at least one inactive excipient. In a conventional method, the composition may contain inactive additives, such as a lubricant, a disintegrating agent, a stabilizer, or a solubilization assisting agent. If necessary, tablets or pills may be coated with sugar or a film of a gastric or enteric coating substance.

The liquid composition for oral administration contains pharmaceutically acceptable emulsions, solutions, suspensions, syrups, elixirs, or the like, and also contains generally used inert diluents, for example, purified water or ethanol. In addition to the inert diluent, the liquid composition may also contain auxiliary agents, such as a solubilization assisting agent, a moistening agent, and a suspending agent, sweeteners, flavors, aromatics, or antiseptics.

The injections for parenteral administration include sterile aqueous or non-aqueous solutions, suspensions and emulsions. The aqueous solvent includes, for example, distilled water for injection and physiological saline. Examples of the non-aqueous solvent include alcohols such as ethanol. Such a composition may further contain a tonicity agent, an antiseptic, a moistening agent, an emulsifying agent, a dispersing agent, a stabilizer, or a solubilizing aid. These are sterilized, for example, by filtration through a bacteria retaining filter, by blending a bactericide, or irradiation. In addition, these can also be used by preparing a sterile solid composition, and dissolving or suspending it in sterile water or a sterile solvent for injection prior to its use.

The agent for external use includes ointments, plasters, creams, jellies, poultices, sprays, lotions, eye drops, eye ointments, and the like. The agents contain generally used ointment bases, lotion bases, aqueous or non-aqueous liquid preparations, suspensions, emulsions, and the like.

As the transmucosal agents such as an inhaler, a transnasal agent, and the like, those in the form of a solid, liquid, or semi-solid state are used, and can be prepared in accordance with a conventionally known method. For example, a known excipient, and also a pH adjusting agent, an antiseptic, a surfactant, a lubricant, a stabilizer, a thickening agent, or the like may be appropriately added thereto. For their administration, an appropriate device for inhalation or blowing can be used. For example, a compound may be administered alone or as a powder of formulated mixture, or as a solution or suspension in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, using a known device or sprayer, such as a measured administration inhalation device, and the like. A dry powder inhaler or the like may be for single or multiple administration use, and a dry powder or a powder-containing capsule may be used. Alternatively, this may be in a form such as a pressurized aerosol spray which uses an appropriate ejection agent, for example, a suitable gas such as chlorofluoroalkane, carbon dioxide, and the like.

In oral administration, the daily dose is generally from about 0.001 to 100 mg/kg, preferably from 0.1 to 30 mg/kg, and more preferably 0.1 to 10 mg/kg, per body weight, administered in one portion or in 2 to 4 separate portions. In the case of intravenous administration, the daily dose is suitably administered from about 0.0001 to 10 mg/kg per body weight, once a day or two or more times a day. In addition, a transmucosal agent is administered at a dose from about 0.001 to 100 mg/kg per body weight, once a day or two or more times a day. The dose is appropriately decided upon in response to the individual case by taking the symptoms, the age, and the gender, and the like into consideration.

The compound of the formula (I) can be used in combination with various therapeutic or prophylactic agents for the diseases for which the compound of the formula (I) is considered to be effective, as described above. The combined preparation may be administered simultaneously, or separately and continuously, or at a desired time interval. The preparations to be administered simultaneously may be a blend, or may be prepared individually.

Examples

Hereinbelow, the preparation methods for the compound of the formula (I) will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. Further, the present invention is not limited to only the preparation methods of the specific Examples and Preparation Examples are shown below, but the compound of the formula (I) can be prepared by any combination of the preparation methods or the methods that are apparent to a person skilled in the art.

Furthermore, the following abbreviations may be used in some cases in the Examples, Preparation Examples, and Tables below.

Rf: Preparation Example No.,

Ex: Example No.,

Data: Physicochemical data,

ESI+: representing m/z values in ESI-MS (positive ions), and representing [M+H]peaks unless otherwise specified,

APCI/ESI+: representing m/z values in APCI-MS (positive ions) and ESI-MS (positive ions), and representing [M+H]⁺ peaks unless otherwise specified,

FAB+: representing m/z values in FAB-MS (positive ions), and representing [M+H]+ peaks unless otherwise specified,

EI: representing m/z values in EI-MS (positive ions), and representing [M]peaks unless otherwise specified,

NMR-DMSO-d₆: δ (ppm) in ¹H-NMR in DMSO-d₆,

NMR-CDCl₃: δ (ppm) in ¹H-NMR in CDCl₃,

in the present specification, in the formula:

the double bond indicates that a mixture of isomers of E isomers and Z isomers exists,

Structure: Structural formula (A case where HCl, PA, or L-TA is described in the structural formula means that the compound forms a salt with the acid. Further, a case where a numeral is present before the acid means that the compound forms a salt having a valence with that number, for example, 2HCl means formation of dihydrochloride).

cis: indicating that a steric structure in the structural formula is in the cis configuration,

trans: indicating that a steric structure in the structural formula is in the trans configuration,

Syn: preparation method (in which the numeral alone shows that the compound is prepared by the same preparation method as the compound having the Example No. and R prefixed before the numeral shows that the compound is prepared by the same preparation method as the compound having the Preparation Example No.),

L-TA: L-tartaric acid,

HCl: hydrochloric acid,

PA: phosphoric acid,

Boc: tert-butoxycarbonyl group,

CDI: 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole

DMSO: dimethylsulfoxide,

THF: tetrahydrofuran,

EtOAc: ethyl acetate,

MgSO₄: anhydrous magnesium sulfate,

DMF: N,N-dimethylformamide,

Na₂SO₄: anhydrous sodium sulfate,

MeOH: methanol,

EtOH: ethanol

CHCl₃: chloroform,

NMP: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone,

WSC: 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide,

HOBt: 1-hydroxybenzotriazole,

TEA: triethylamine,

DIPEA: diisopropylethylamine,

MeCN: acetonitrile,

TFA: trifluoroacetic acid,

DME: 1,2-dimethoxyethane,

DBU: diazabicycloundecene,

TBAF: tetrabutylammonium fluoride,

BINAP: 1,1′-binaphthalene-2,2′-diylbis(diphenylphosphine),

Pd₂(dba)₃: tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium,

NaBH₄: sodium borohydride,

DIAD: diisopropyl azodicarboxylate,

DCE: 1,2-dichloroethane,

MsCl: methanesulfonyl chloride,

TBSCJ: tert-butyldimethylchlorosilane,

Boc₂O: di-tert-butyldicarbonate,

DMAP: 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine,

iPrNH₂: isopropylamine,

NaH: sodium hydride (55% suspended in oil),

NaOH: sodium hydroxide,

IPA: isopropyl alcohol,

NaHCO₃: sodium hydrogen carbonate,

CH₂Cl₂: dichloromethane,

NH₃: ammonia,

M: mol/L.

Preparation Example 12

Tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (36 mg) and sodium carbonate (330 mg) were added to a mixture of 4-[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxoborolan-2-yl)phenyl]morpholine (300 mg), (3-bromophenyl)methanol (233 mg), DME (6 ml), and water (3 ml), followed by stirring at 80° C. overnight, and then the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. Water and CHCl₃ were added to the obtained residue, and the organic layer was dried over MgSO₄, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane/CHCl₃) to obtain [4′-(morpholin-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]methanol (242 mg).

Preparation Example 32

Under argon atmosphere, sodium carbonate (1000 mg) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (170 mg) were added to a mixture of (2-fluoro-3-formylphenyl)boronic acid (700 mg), tert-butyl

4-{[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]oxy}-3,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (1000 mg), toluene (15 ml), EtOH (5 ml) and water (5 ml) followed by stirring at 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with EtOH, and NaBH₄ (120 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and then EtOAc and water were added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain tert-butyl 4-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-3,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (637 mg).

Preparation Example 33

(3-Bromophenyl)methanol (10 g) was mixed with dioxane (100 ml), and 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (15 g), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride (1.2 g), and potassium acetate (15.8 g) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 80° C. for 1 day. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain [3-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)phenyl]methanol (12.5 g).

Preparation Example 38

A mixture of 4-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)morpholine (2 g), 4,4,4′,4′,5,5,5′,5′-octamethyl-2,2′-bi-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (2.5 g), bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride (180 mg), potassium acetate (2.5 g), and dioxane (20 ml) was stirred at 80° C. overnight under argon atmosphere. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with THF (10 ml) and water (10 ml), and sodium perborate.tetrahydrate (3.5 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Then, a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution was added thereto. The aqueous layer was extracted with EtOAc, and the organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain 2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-ol (610 mg).

Preparation Example 39

Calcium carbonate (11 g) was added to a mixture of ethyl[3-(bromomethyl)phenyl]acetate (4.56 g), dioxane (70 ml) and water (70 ml), followed by stirring at 80° C. for 6 hours. EtOAc and water were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with EtOH (50 ml), and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (35 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. 1M hydrochloric acid (35 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by concentration under reduced pressure. MeOH and Na₂SO₄ were added to the obtained residue, and the insoluble matter was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain [3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]acetic acid (1.9 g).

Preparation Example 41

Using [(3-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy](tert-butyl)dimethylsilane (6.5 g) as a starting material and cesium carbonate as a base under the same reaction conditions as in Preparation Example 228, 1-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperidin-4-yl benzoate (4.5 g) was prepared.

Preparation Example 42

Under argon atmosphere, [(3-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy](tert-butyl)dimethylsilane (2 g) and ethyl piperidine-4-carboxylate (1.6 g) were mixed with toluene (30 ml), and Pd₂(dba)₃ (150 mg), BINAP (300 mg), and cesium carbonate (3.2 g) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 100° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and EtOAc was added thereto, followed by filtration using Celite as a filtration adjuvant. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was then mixed with THF (30 ml), and a 1M TBAF/THF solution (12 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture were added EtOAc and water, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain ethyl 1-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]piperidine-4-carboxylate (1.02 g).

Preparation Example 44

tert-Butyl [(3-ethynyl-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy]dimethylsilane (1 g) was mixed with THF (20 ml), and a 1.65M n-butyl lithium/hexane solution (2.5 ml) was added dropwise thereto at −78° C., followed by stirring at −78° C. for 30 minutes. Benzyl chloroformate (774 mg) was added dropwise thereto at the same temperature, followed by stirring overnight while raising the temperature to room temperature. A saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution was added thereto at 0° C., followed by extraction with CHCl₃. The organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane) to obtain benzyl 3-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]prop-2-ynoate (1.41 g).

Preparation Example 45

tert-Butyl{2-[(chloroacetyl)(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)amino]ethyl}carbamate (6.86 g) was mixed with THF (70 ml), and sodium hydride (55% suspended in oil) (1.4 g) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution at 0° C., followed by extraction with CHCl₃. The organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane/MeOH) to obtain tert-butyl 3-oxo-4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (5.25 g).

Preparation Example 48

Using ({1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl}methyl)(triphenyl)phosphonium iodide (6.0 g) as a starting material and lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide as a base under the same conditions as in Preparation Example 581, benzyl tert-butyl 4,4′-(Z)-ethene-1,2-diyldipiperidine-1-carboxylate (2.5 g) was prepared.

Preparation Example 50

1-Benzyl-4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethoxy)pyridinium bromide (1.9 g) was mixed with MeOH (35 ml), and NaBH₄ (850 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Acetone (6 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes, and then activated carbon (1 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes and filtering using Celite as a filtration adjuvant. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. EtOAc and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were added to the obtained residue, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with MeOH (35 ml), and ammonium formate (3 g) and 10% palladium carbon (400 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 50° C. for 4 hours and filtering using Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. EtOAc and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were added to the residue, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethoxy)piperidine (1.01 g).

Preparation Example 54

4-(Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethoxy)pyridine (1.1 g) was mixed with THF (12 ml), and benzyl bromide (1.4 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration to obtain 1-benzyl-4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethoxy)pyridinium bromide (1.9 g).

Preparation Example 57

2-Fluoro-3-methylbenzoic acid (4 g), THF (55 ml), and tert-butanol (55 ml) were mixed, and Boc₂O (7.5 g) and DMAP (1.0 g) were added thereto at room temperature, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure, and EtOAc and water were added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain tert-butyl

2-fluoro-3-methylbenzoate (3.50 g).

Preparation Example 58

tert-Butyl 3-hydroxyazetidine-1-carboxylate (4.0 g) and pyridin-4-ol (1.8 g) were mixed with THF (50 ml), and triphenylphosphine (6.23 g) was added thereto. A 1.9 M DIAD/toluene solution (12.5 ml) was added dropwise, followed by stirring at 55° C. overnight. Triphenylphosphine (5 g) and a 1.9M DIAD/toluene solution (10 ml) were added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at 55° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and a liquid separation operation was carried out by the addition of EtOAc and 0.5M hydrochloric acid. The aqueous layer was adjusted to a pH of around 10 by the addition of a 4M aqueous NaOH solution, and extracted with CHCl₃. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain tert-butyl 3-(pyridin-4-yloxy)azetidine-1-carboxylate (4.2 g).

Preparation Example 60

1-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperidin-4-ol (200 mg) and pyridin-4-ol (65 mg) were mixed with THF (3 ml), and triphenylphosphine (250 mg) was added thereto. A 1.9M DIAD/toluene solution (0.5 ml) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at 55° C. overnight. Then, a 1M TBAF/THF solution (1 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and diethyl ether and 1M hydrochloric acid were added thereto. The organic layer was separated by a liquid separation operation, and the aqueous layer was washed with diethyl ether twice again. The aqueous layer was adjusted to a pH of around 10 by the addition of a 4 M aqueous NaOH solution, and extracted with CHCl₃. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain {2-fluoro-3-[4-(pyridin-4-yloxy)piperidin-1-yl]phenyl}methanol (84 mg).

Preparation Example 62

tert-Butyl 3-hydroxyazetidine-1-carboxylate (3.0 g) was mixed with THF (30 ml), and sodium hydride (55% suspended in oil) (600 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 10 minutes. Benzyl bromide (2.5 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with DCE (30 ml), and TFA (15 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 3-(benzyloxy)azetidine (2.2 g).

Preparation Example 63

tert-Butyl 4-[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.1 g), 2-methylpyridin-3-ol (500 mg), potassium carbonate (1.7 g), and DMF (10 ml) were mixed, followed by stirring at 100° C. for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with DCE (10 ml), and TFA (4.5 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution were the added thereto, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 2-methyl-3-(piperidin-4-yloxy)pyridine (355 mg).

Preparation Example 67

1-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperazine (500 mg) was mixed with dioxane (15 ml), and methyl 5-bromopyridine-2-carboxylate (399 mg), palladium acetate (35 mg), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2′,4′,6′-tri-isopropyl-1,1′-biphenyl (147 mg), and potassium phosphate (981 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 100° C. for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and filtered by the addition of CHCl₃ and Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane) to obtain methyl 5-{4-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperazin-1-yl}pyridine-2-carboxylate (310 mg).

Preparation Example 69

1-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-4-(pyridin-3-yl)piperidi n-4-ol (908 mg) was mixed with dichloromethane (15 ml), and TEA (1.1 g), DMAP (799 mg), and MsCl (749 mg) were added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Water and EtAOc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium carbonate. The solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane) to obtain 1′-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-1′,2′,3′,6′-tetrahydro-3,4′-bipyridine (477 mg).

Preparation Example 70

Dioxane (12 ml) was added to a mixture of 5-iodo-2-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)pyrimidine (1.14 g), tert-butyl 3-oxopiperazine-1-carboxylate (941 mg), rel-(1R,2R)—N,N′-dimethyl cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (223 mg), copper iodide (149 mg), and potassium phosphate (2.5 g), followed by stirring at 100° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and then filtered by the addition of CHCl₃ and Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane) to obtain tert-butyl 4-[2-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-oxopiperazine-1-carboxylate (867 mg).

Preparation Example 81

2-Fluoro-4′-(morpholin-4-yl)biphenyl-3-carboaldehyde (288 mg) was mixed with THF (3 ml), and NaBH₄ (40 mg) was added thereto. MeOH (3 ml) was added to the reaction mixture dropwise, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. EtOAc and 1 M hydrochloric acid were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain [2-fluoro-4′-(morpholin-4-yl)biphenyl-3-yl]methanol (259 mg).

Preparation Example 135

[3-(2-Chloropyrimidin-5-yl)phenyl]methanol (200 mg) was mixed with DMF (4 ml), and 4-methoxypiperidine hydrochloride (180 mg) and potassium carbonate (500 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 70° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain {3-[2-(4-methoxypiperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]phenyl}methanol (249 mg).

Preparation Example 159

5-{4-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperazin-1-yl}pyrim idin-2-yltrifluoromethanesulfonate (200 mg) was mixed with DMF (4 ml), and 1-acetylpiperazine (72 mg) and potassium carbonate (300 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 60° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and water and EtOAc were added to the residue. The organic layer was washed with saturated brine, then dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with THF, and a 1M TBAF/THF solution was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane/MeOH/CHCl₃) to obtain 1-[4-(5-{4-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl}pyrimidin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]ethanone (133 mg).

Preparation Example 162

Ethyl 3-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)benzoate (1.41 g) was mixed with THF (20 ml), and lithium borohydride (260 mg) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. A saturated ammonium chloride solution and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture at 0° C. The organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane) to obtain ethyl 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzoate (824 mg).

Preparation Example 163

2,5-Dibromo-1,3-thiazole (500 mg) was mixed with morpholine (2 ml), followed by stirring at 60° C. for 5 hours. Water was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring for 1 hour, and the resulting insoluble matter was collected by filtration, followed by washing with water, to obtain 4-(5-bromo-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)morpholine (475 mg).

Preparation Example 174

CHCl₃ and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were added to [3-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl]methanol dihydrochloride (240 mg) to carry out liquid separation. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with dichloromethane (5 ml), and tetrahydro-4H-pyran-4-one (100 mg) and acetic acid (168 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 15 minutes. Sodium triacetoxyborohydride (576 mg) was added to the reaction mixture at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours. Water and CHCl₃ were added to the reaction mixture, and the aqueous layer was adjusted to a pH of 8 to 9 by the addition of a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over MgSO₄, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain {3-[4-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]phenyl}methanol (45 mg).

Preparation Example 177

Ethyl

1-{5-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}piperidine-4-carboxylate (1.4 g) was mixed with THF (10 ml) and EtOH (15 ml), and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (5.8 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The insoluble matter was collected by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. Water and 1M hydrochloric acid (5.8 ml) were added to the obtained residue at 0° C., followed by stirring at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water, and then dried at 50° C. under reduced pressure to obtain 1-{5-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (1.29 g).

Preparation Example 182

(3-Bromophenyl)methanol (500 mg) was mixed with DMF (10 ml), and sodium hydride (55% suspended in oil) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring for 10 minutes under ice-cooling. 1-(Chloromethyl)-4-methoxybenzene (520 mg) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/hexane) to obtain 1-bromo-3-{[(4-methoxybenzyl)oxy]methyl}benzene (801 mg).

Preparation Example 228

[(3-Bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy](tert-butyl)dimethylsilane (300 mg) was mixed with toluene (6 ml), and 1-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)piperazine (200 mg), Pd₂(dba)₃ (43 mg), BINAP (88 mg), and sodium tert-butoxide (135 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 80° C. for 5 hours. After cooling to room temperature, filtration was carried out by the addition of CHCl₃ and Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane/28% aqueous ammonia/MeOH/) to obtain 1-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-4-(2-methylpyridin-4-yl)pip erazine (259 mg).

Preparation Example 285

Under argon atmosphere, [(3-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy](tert-butyl)dimethylsilane (800 mg) and 4-(azetidin-3-yloxy)pyridine (268 mg) were mixed with toluene (6 ml), and Pd₂(dba)₃ (80 mg), BINAP (160 mg), and sodium tert-butoxide (300 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 90° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and EtOAc was added thereto, followed by carrying out filtration using Celite as a filtration adjuvant. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and then the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with THF (6 ml), and a 1M TBAF/THF solution (3 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture were added a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and CHCl₃, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain {2-fluoro-3-[3-(pyridin-4-yloxy)azetidin-1-yl]phenyl}methanol (335 mg).

Preparation Example 290

Under argon atmosphere, 4-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)morpholine (700 mg) and tert-butyl piperazine-1-carboxylate (800 mg) were mixed with toluene (10 ml), and Pd₂(dba)₃ (130 mg), BINAP (260 mg), and potassium tert-butoxide (500 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 90° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with EtOH (10 ml), and 4M hydrogen chloride/dioxane (7 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 4-[5-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]morpholine (239 mg).

Preparation Example 294

1-(3-{[(4-Methoxybenzyl)oxy]methyl}phenyl)-4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperazine (308 mg) was mixed with dichloromethane (2 ml), and TFA (1 ml) was added thereto. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour, and then the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the obtained residue were added a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and CHCl₃, and the organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography to obtain {3-[4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]phenyl}methanol (167 mg).

Preparation Example 297

(3-Bromophenyl)methanol (5.0 g) was mixed with THF (60 ml), and TBSC1 (5.0 g) and imidazole (3 g) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and water and EtOAc were added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain [(3-bromobenzyl)oxy](tert-butyl)dimethylsilane (8.0 g).

Preparation Example 301

[(3-Bromobenzyl)oxy](tert-butyl)dimethylsilane (860 mg) was mixed with THF (10 ml), followed by cooling to −78° C. under argon atmosphere. A 1.60M n-butyl lithium/hexane solution (1.8 ml) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at −78° C. for 10 minutes, and then 2-morpholin-4-ylpyrimidine-5-carboaldehyde (500 mg) was added thereto. The mixture was warmed to 0° C. over 1 hour and then stirred again at 0° C. for 1 hour. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain [3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)phenyl][2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]met hanol (914 mg).

Preparation Example 302

[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)phenyl][2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]methanol (400 mg), triethylsilane (364 mg), and TFA (4 ml) were mixed, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and EtOAc and water were added to the obtained residue. The organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain (3-{[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]methyl}phenyl)methanol (39 mg).

Preparation Example 304

1-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperazine (355 mg) was mixed with IPA (4.5 ml), and 4-chloro-pyrimidine hydrochloride (150 mg) and TEA (302 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 60° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and then concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (MeOH/CHCl₃) to obtain 4-{4-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperazin-1-yl}pyrimidin e (391 mg).

Preparation Example 305

Ethyl 2-fluoro-3-({[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]oxy}methyl)benzoate (375 mg) was mixed with toluene (5 ml), followed by cooling to 0° C. A 1.01M diisobutylaluminum hydride/toluene solution (3 ml) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at the same temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was subjected to liquid separation by the addition of a 1M aqueous NaOH solution and toluene. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain [2-fluoro-3-({[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]methanol (282 mg).

Preparation Example 306

1-(6-Chloropyridazine-3-yl)azetidin-3-ol (599 mg) was mixed with DMF (6 ml), and sodium hydride (55% suspended in oil) (211 mg) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at 0° C. for 10 minutes. Then, methyl iodide (916 mg) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture were added water, EtOAc, and CHCl₃, and the organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, then dried over anhydrous Na₂CO₃, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane) to obtain 3-chloro-6-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)pyridazine (323 mg).

Preparation Example 307

tert-Butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (1.0 g) was mixed with DMF (15 ml), and sodium hydride (55% suspended in oil) (300 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 10 minutes. To the reaction mixture was added 1-bromo-3-methoxypropane (1.0 g), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Water was added to the reaction mixture, and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. EtOAc and water were added to the obtained residue, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with EtOH (10 ml), and a 4M hydrogen chloride/dioxane (10 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 4-(3-methoxypropoxy)piperidine hydrochloride (302 mg).

Preparation Example 309

2-Fluoro-3-methylbenzoic acid (8.0 g) was mixed with EtOH (100 ml), and concentrated sulfuric acid was added thereto, followed by stirring at 90° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and EtOAc and water were then added thereto. The organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, then dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain ethyl 2-fluoro-3-methylbenzoate (7.84 g).

Preparation Example 336

1-[2-Fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]piperidine-4-carboxylic acid (100 mg) and morpholine (50 mg) were mixed with DCE (3 ml), and WSC hydrochloride (140 mg) and HOBt (95 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. A saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and CHCl₃ were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain {1-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}(morpholin-4-yl)methanone (126 mg).

Preparation Example 341

(2-Fluoro-3-{4-[2-(piperidin-4-yl)ethyl]piperidin-1-yl}phenyl)methanol (200 mg) and acetic acid (63 mg) were mixed with DCE (3 ml), and WSC hydrochloride (220 mg) and HOBt (155 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. A saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and CHCl₃ were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was liquid separation and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with MeOH (3 ml), and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (1 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 1-[4-(2-{1-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]piperidin-4-yl}ethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethanon e (211 mg).

Preparation Example 343

5-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-2-(piperidin-4-yloxy)py rimidine (150 mg) and cyclohexane carboxylic acid (82 mg) were mixed with DCE (3.6 ml), and WSC hydrochloride (125 mg) and HOBt (85 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. A saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and CHCl₃ were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with THF (3.6 ml), and a 1M TBAF/THF solution (0.85 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. EtOAc and an aqueous ammonium chloride solution were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain cyclohexyl [4-({5-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}oxy)piperidin-1-yl]methanone (148 mg).

Preparation Example 347

1-(3-Bromophenyl)methanamine (10 g) was mixed with THF (100 ml), and Boc₂O (12.9 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane) to obtain tert-butyl (3-bromobenzyl)carbamate (15.0 g).

Preparation Example 376

1-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-3-methoxyazetidine (121 mg) was mixed with THF (4 ml), and a 1M TBAF/THF solution (0.8 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography to obtain [2-fluoro-3-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)phenyl]methanol (72 mg).

Preparation Example 478

tert-Butyl 4-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazine-1-carboxylate (1.42 g) was mixed with MeOH (20 ml) and THF (20 ml), and a 4M hydrogen chloride/EtOAc (10 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight and then stirring for 30 minutes under ice-cooling. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration and washed with EtOAc to obtain 4-[5-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]morpholine dihydrochloride (1.15 g).

Preparation Example 508

tert-Butyl 4-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (352 mg) was mixed with EtOH (5 ml), and 4M hydrogen chloride/dioxane (3 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and then EtOH and potassium carbonate were added thereto, followed by stirring at 60° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The reaction mixture was mixed with THF (5 ml), and TBSC1 (450 mg) and imidazole (210 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. EtOAc and water were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 4-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperidine (271 mg).

Preparation Example 514

tert-Butyl 4-{5-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}piperidin e-1-carboxylate (170 mg) was mixed with MeOH (1.7 ml), and a 4M hydrogen chloride/EtOAc (0.17 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and 10% MeOH/CHCl₃ and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were added to the residue. Then, the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. 10% MeOH/CHCl₃ was added to the obtained residue, followed by stirring for 30 minutes. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain {2-fluoro-3-[2-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]phenyl}methanol (96 mg).

Preparation Example 516

Methyl 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate (4.0 g) was mixed with toluene (40 ml), and triphenylphosphine (5.0 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at 90° C. overnight. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration to obtain [3-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl](triphenyl)phosphonium bromide (8.2 g).

Preparation Example 518

1-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)phenyl]-4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazine (240 mg) was mixed with THF (2 ml), and a 1M hydrochloric acid (2 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours. A saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and CHCl₃ were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over MgSO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain {3-[4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl]phenyl}methanol (166 mg).

Preparation Example 548

Benzyl 3-oxo-4-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (345 mg) was mixed with EtOH (7 ml), and 10% palladium carbon (70 mg) was added thereto under argon atmosphere to change the atmosphere to hydrogen atmosphere, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered using Celite as a filtration adjuvant, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 1-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)piperazin-2-one (190 mg).

Preparation Example 563

tert-Butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (2.0 g) was mixed with THF (20 ml), and TEA (3 ml) and benzoyl chloride (1.2 g) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain tert-butyl 4-(benzoyloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (2.45 g).

Preparation Example 564

tert-Butyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (3.0 g) was mixed with DCE (30 ml), and TEA (3.0 ml) and benzoyl chloride (2.4 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. A saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with DCE (30 ml), and TFA (10 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and then the residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain piperidin-4-yl benzoate (3.1 g).

Preparation Example 568

Under argon atmosphere, ethynyl(trimethyl)silane (9.0 ml) was mixed with triethylamine (50 ml), and (3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)methanol, bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium chloride (II) (1.54 g), and copper iodide (420 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 90° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and EtOAc was added thereto, followed by filtering using Celite as a filtration adjuvant. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain {2-fluoro-3-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]phenyl}methanol (4.88 g).

Preparation Example 572

tert-Butyl({2-fluoro-3-[(trimethylsilyl)ethynyl]benzyl}oxy)dimethylsilane (4.13 g) was mixed with EtOH (61 ml), and potassium carbonate (847 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Water and CHCl₃ were added to the reaction mixture at 0° C., and the organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane) to obtain tert-butyl[(3-ethynyl-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy]dimethylsilane (3.19 g).

Preparation Example 573

H₂SO₄ (44 g) was added to water (18 ml) at 0° C., and (3-cyanophenyl)acetic acid (1.5 g) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at 100° C. overnight, then warming to 130° C., and stirring for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and EtOH (190 ml) was then added thereto, followed by stirring at 90° C. for 2 days. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and EtOAc and water were added to the residue. Then, the organic layer was washed with water, a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution, and saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain ethyl 3-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)benzoate (1.41 g).

Preparation Example 574

Ethyl 3-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzoate (824 mg) was mixed with dichloromethane (10 ml), DIPEA (1.5 ml) was added thereto, and methanesulfonyl chloride (972 mg) was added dropwise thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring for 1.5 hours while slowly warming to room temperature. Water was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring for 10 minutes, and then the organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane) to obtain ethyl 3-{2-[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]ethyl}benzoate (1.12 g).

Preparation Example 581

[3-(Methoxycarbonyl)benzyl](triphenyl)phosphonium bromide (930 mg) was mixed with DMF (6 ml), and potassium tert-butoxide (300 mg) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring for 30 minutes. 2-(Morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboaldehyde (300 mg) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at 0° C. for 1 hour, and stirring again at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and EtOAc and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain methyl 3-{2-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]vinyl}benzoate (377 mg).

Preparation Example 582

Ethyl 3-{2-[(methylsulfonyl)oxy]ethyl}benzoate (170 mg) was mixed with MeCN (3.4 ml), and 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-[4,4′]bipyridinyl (122 mg) and potassium carbonate (173 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 60° C. overnight. After cooling to room temperature, the insoluble matter was removed by filtration and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (MeOH/CHCl₃) to obtain ethyl 3-{2-[4-(pyridin-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}benzoate (121 mg).

Preparation Example 584

Ethyl 3-{2-[4-morpholin-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}benzoate (337 mg) was mixed with THF (7 ml), and aluminum lithium hydride (74 mg) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at 0° C. for 1 hour. Sodium sulfate decahydrate was added to the reaction mixture at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature overnight, the insoluble matter was removed by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain (3-{2-[4-(morpholin-4-yl)piperidin-1-yl]ethyl}phenyl)methanol (281 mg).

Preparation Example 589

Ethyl (3-methylphenyl)acetate (5.36 g) was mixed with carbon tetrachloride (80 ml), followed by heating at 90° C. N-Bromosuccinimide (5.62 g) and α,α′-azobisisobutyronitrile (250 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 90° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and then the solid was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain ethyl [3-(bromomethyl)phenyl]acetate (4.56 g).

Preparation Example 592

2-Fluoro-3-formylphenyl)boronic acid (5.14 g) was mixed with THF (51 ml) and water (51 ml), and sodium perborate.trihydrate (17 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. EtOAc and 1M hydrochloric acid were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with EtOH (50 ml), and NaBH₄ (1.4 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and EtOAc and 1M hydrochloric acid were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain 2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenol (2.2 g).

Preparation Example 593

2-(Morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-ol (300 mg) and ethyl 3-(bromomethyl)-2-fluorobenzoate (850 mg) were mixed with MeCN (5 ml), THF (2 ml) and DMF (1 ml), and potassium carbonate was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and EtOAc and water were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain ethyl 2-fluoro-3-({[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]oxy}methyl)benzoate (378 mg).

Preparation Example 594

5-Bromo-2-chloropyridine (5.0 g) was mixed with N,N-dimethylacetamide (25 ml), and morpholine (23 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at 130° C. for 2 days. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and water was added to the residue, followed by extraction with EtOAc, and the organic layer was washed with saturated brine and dried over Na₂SO₄. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain 4-(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)morpholine (6.07 g).

Preparation Example 596

5-Bromo-2-fluoropyridine (1.7 g) was mixed with N,N-dimethylacetamide (5 ml), and 3-methoxyazetidine hydrochloride (335 mg) and potassium carbonate (1.5 g) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 100° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ and water were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain 5-bromo-2-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)pyridine (581 mg).

Preparation Example 603

1′-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-1′,2′,3′,6′-tetrahydro-3,4′-bipyridine (257 mg) was mixed with EtOH (5 ml), and 10% palladium carbon (55 mg) was added thereto under argon atmosphere, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight under hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered using Celite as a filtration adjuvant, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 3-{1-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperidin-4-yl}pyridine (239 mg).

Preparation Example 613 tert-Butyl

4-[2-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (483 mg) was mixed with EtOH (5 ml), and 10% palladium carbon (100 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours under hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered using Celite as a filtration adjuvant, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with EtOH (5 ml), and 4M hydrogen chloride/dioxane (3.5 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and then mixed with EtOH (5 ml), and potassium carbonate (2.0 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at 80° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 2-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)-5-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrimidine (143 mg).

Preparation Example 614

4-(4-Methylpyrimidin-2-yl)morpholine (300 mg) was mixed with dichloromethane (4 ml), and N-bromosuccinimide (357 mg) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Hexane was added to the reaction mixture, followed by purification by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane), to obtain 4-(5-bromo-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl) morpholine (372 mg).

Preparation Example 617

{2-Fluoro-3-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]phenyl}methanol (337 mg), 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (257 mg) and triphenylphosphine (458 mg) were mixed with THF, and diethyl azodicarboxylate (40% toluene solution) (0.68 ml) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 30 minutes, then filtered, washed with ice-cooled THF, and dried at 50° C. under reduced pressure to obtain 2-{2-fluoro-3-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]benzyl}-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (452 mg).

Preparation Example 631

4-(5-Bromo-4-methylpyrimidin-2-yl)morpholine (372 mg), (2-fluoro-3-formylphenyl)boronic acid (315 mg), and potassium phosphate (918 mg) were mixed with toluene (10 ml) and water (10 ml), and palladium acetate (16 mg) and dicyclohexyl(2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine (59 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 100° C. for 4 hours. (2-Fluoro-3-formylphenyl)boronic acid (315 mg), potassium phosphate (918 mg), palladium acetate (16 mg), dicyclohexyl(2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine (59 mg), and water (1 ml) were added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at 100° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, CHCl₃ and water were then added thereto, and the insoluble matter was removed by filtration. The organic layer of the filtrate was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane/CHCl₃) to obtain 2-fluoro-3-[4-methyl-2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]benzaldehyde (282 mg).

Preparation Example 638

Tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol (200 mg) was mixed with THF (5 ml), and sodium hydride (55% suspended in oil) (120 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 minutes. 5-Bromo-2-chloropyrimidine (460 mg) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at room temperature. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain 5-bromo-2-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yloxy)pyrimidine (361 mg).

Preparation Example 651

1-[4-(Hydroxymethyl)piperidin-1-yl]ethan-1-one (200 mg) and THF (4 ml) were mixed, and NaH (70 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 10 minutes. 5-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-2-chloropyrimidine (200 mg) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour, and then 1M TBAF/THF (1.2 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc/CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 1-{4-[({5-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}oxy)methyl]piperidin-1-yl}e than-1-one (167 mg).

Preparation Example 653

5-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-2-chloropyrimidine (200 mg) was mixed with THF (4 ml), and sodium ethoxide (132 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, and then a 1M TBAF/THF solution (1.2 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain [3-(2-ethoxypyrimidin-5-yl)-2-fluorophenyl]methanol (129 mg).

Preparation Example 663

Methyl 3-{[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]methyl}benzoate (4.6 g) was mixed with toluene (50 ml), followed by cooling to 0° C. Sodium bis(2-methoxyethoxy)aluminum hydride (65% toluene solution) (20 g) was added dropwise over 30 minutes, followed by stirring at 0° C. for 1 hour. A 1M aqueous NaOH solution (30 ml) was added dropwise to the reaction mixture, and CHCl₃ was then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain tert-butyl [3-(hydroxymethyl)benzyl]carbamate (4.1 g).

Preparation Example 671

4,4′-Bipiperidine dihydrochloride (2.95 g) was mixed with MeOH (25 ml), and a mixture of benzyl chloroformate (2.2 g) and toluene (5 ml) was added dropwise thereto over 1 hour while keeping the solution neutral by adding a 6M aqueous NaOH solution at the same time. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and then concentrated under reduced pressure. CHCl₃, and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were added to the reaction mixture. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain benzyl 4,4′-bipiperidine-1-carboxylate (1.5 g).

Preparation Example 674

tert-Butyl 3-(piperidin-4-yloxy)azetidine-1-carboxylate (2.78 g) was mixed with THF (40 ml), and TEA (3.5 ml) and benzyl chloroformate (2.7 g) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. EtOAc and water were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc).

The purified product thus obtained was mixed with EtOH (40 ml), and a 4M hydrogen chloride/dioxane solution (30 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain benzyl 4-(azetidin-3-yloxy)piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.97 g).

Preparation Example 677

2-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidine (500 mg) was mixed with dichloromethane (5 ml), and TEA (0.9 ml) and acetyl chloride (407 mg) were added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. 8M Potassium hydroxide was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was extracted by the addition of water and CHCl₃/MeOH (4:1), the organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, and dried over anhydrous Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (MeOH/CHCl₃) to obtain 1-[2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]ethanone (442 mg).

Preparation Example 680

{2-Fluoro-3-[2-(piperidin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]phenyl}methanol (80 mg) was mixed with dichloromethane (1.6 ml), and TEA (85 mg) and acetyl chloride (48 mg) were added thereto at 0° C. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was mixed with MeOH, and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (0.8 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring for 3 hours. 1M hydrochloric acid was added to the reaction mixture, and CHCl₃/water was added to the reaction liquid. The aqueous layer was extracted with CHCl₃, and the prepared organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 1-(4-{5-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}piperidin-1-yl)ethanone (90 mg).

Preparation Example 686

1-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-4,4′-bipiperidine (125 mg) and TEA (0.15 ml) were mixed with DCE (3 ml), and acetyl chloride (39 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. A saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and CHCl₃ were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with THF (3 ml), and a 1M TBAF/THF solution (0.6 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture were added an aqueous ammonium chloride solution and EtOAc, the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain 1-{1′-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-4,4′-bipiperidin-1-yl}ethanone (84 mg).

Preparation Example 707

[3-(2-Chloropyrimidin-5-yl)-2-fluorophenyl]methanol (600 mg) was mixed with DMF (12 ml), and piperazine (2.2 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and water was added to the residue, followed by stirring at 0° C. for 1 hour. The produced solid was collected by filtration, washed with water, and then dried at 50° C. under reduced pressure to obtain {2-fluoro-3-[2-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]phenyl}methanol (697 mg).

Preparation Example 709

5-{4-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperazin-1-yl}pyrim idin-2-yl trifluoromethanesulfonate (200 mg) was mixed with THF (4 ml), and 2-methoxyethanamine (864 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at 60° C. overnight. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with THF (5 ml), and a 1M TBAF/THF solution (1.6 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane) to obtain [2-fluoro-3-(4-{2-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]pyrimidin-5-yl}piperazin-1-yl)phenyl]methanol (105 mg).

Preparation Example 712

tert-Butyl 3-(pyridin-4-yloxy)azetidine-1-carboxylate (494 mg) was mixed with DCE (5 ml), and TFA (2 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 4-(azetidin-3-yloxy)pyridine (268 mg).

Preparation Example 749

Using 2-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)pyrazine (451 mg) as a starting material and N-chlorosuccinimide as a halogenating agent under the same reaction conditions as in Preparation Example 614, 2-chloro-5-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)pyrazine (303 mg) was prepared.

Preparation Example 752

1-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperazine (400 mg) was suspended in toluene (8 ml), and 3-chloropyridazine hydrochloride (242 mg), Pd₂(dba)₃(56 mg), dicyclohexyl(2′,6′-dimethoxybiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine (51 mg), and sodium tert-butoxide (308 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 100° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and filtered by the addition of CHCl₃ and Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc:hexane=70:30 to 100:0), and then purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane) to obtain 3-{4-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperazin-1-yl}pyridazine (325 mg).

Preparation Example 754

3-Methoxyazetidine hydrochloride (100 mg) was mixed with THF (3 ml), and chloroacetic acid anhydride (166 mg) and sodium hydrogen carbonate (272 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Water and sodium chloride were added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring for 30 minutes. Then, after extraction with EtOAc twice, the organic layer was washed with saturated brine and dried over Na₂SO₄, and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 2-chloro-1-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)ethanone (130 mg).

Preparation Example 758

A mixture of 1-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperazine and MeCN was added to 2-chloro-1-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)ethanone (130 mg) and potassium carbonate (219 mg), followed by stirring at 80° C. for 3 hours. CHCl₃ was added to the reaction mixture, and the insoluble matter was removed by filtration. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (MeOH/CHCl₃) to obtain 2-{4-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperazin-1-yl}-1-(3-met hoxyazetidin-1-yl)ethanone (354 mg).

Preparation Example 760

5-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-2-[4-(vinylsulfonyl)pip erazin-1-yl]pyrimidine (360 mg) was mixed with THF (3 ml) and MeOH (4 ml), and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (1.46 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. CHCl₃ was added to the reaction mixture, which was washed with water and saturated brine, and dried over Na₂SO₄. Then, the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 5-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-2-{4-[(2-methoxyethyl)sulf onyl]piperazin-1-yl}pyrimidine (353 mg).

Preparation Example 761

1-Acetylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid (161 mg) was mixed with dichloromethane (5 ml), and oxalyl chloride (124 mg) and DMF (3 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. TEA and 3-(2-aminopyrimidin-5-yl)-2-fluorobenzaldehyde (170 mg) were added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. A mixture of 1-acetylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid (161 mg), oxalyl chloride (0.084 ml), and DMF in dichloromethane (3 ml), which is mixed in advance and was stirred for 1 hour, was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. Furthermore, a mixture of 1-acetylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid (161 mg), oxalyl chloride (0.084 ml), and DMF in dichloromethane (3 ml), after mixing with the reaction mixture in advance, and then stirring for 1 hour, was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Furthermore, a mixture of 1-acetylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid (322 mg), oxalyl chloride (0.168 ml), and DMF in dichloromethane (6 ml) which is mixed in advance and was stirred for 1 hour, was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. Furthermore, a mixture of 1-acetylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid (322 mg), oxalyl chloride (0.168 ml), and DMF in dichloromethane (6 ml) which is mixed in advance and was stirred for 1 hour, was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. CHCl₃ and water were added to the reaction mixture, and the insoluble matter was removed by filtration. The organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with MeOH, and NaHCO₃ was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (MeOH/CHCl₃) to obtain 1-acetyl-N-[5-(2-fluoro-3-formylphenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]piperidine-4-carboxyamide (363 mg).

Preparation Example 766

tert-Butyl 4-(2-iodoethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (6.75 g) was mixed with dichloromethane (90 ml), and benzyl 4-hydroxypiperidine-1-carboxylate (4.0 g), silver trifluoromethane sulfonate (10.3 g), and 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine (12 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered using Celite as a filtration adjuvant, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain tert-butyl 4-[2-({1-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]piperidin-4-yl}oxy)ethyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (3.4 g).

Preparation Example 767

5-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-2-(piperidin-4-ylmetho xy)pyrimidine (200 mg) was mixed with THF (4 ml), and ethylisocyanate (91 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. A 1M TBAF/THF solution (1 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by further stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (MeOH/CHCl₃) to obtain N-ethyl-4-[({5-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}oxy)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxyamide (159.3 mg).

Preparation Example 772

5-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-2-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrim idine (500 mg) was mixed with dichloromethane (10 ml), and DIPEA (482 mg) and 2-chloroethanesulfonyl chloride (304 mg) were added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at 0° C. for 1.5 hours. CHCl₃ and water were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over Na₂SO₄, and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane) to obtain 5-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]-2-[4-(vinylsulfonyl)piperazi n-1-yl]pyrimidine (360 mg).

Preparation Example 776

1-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]piperazine (140 mg) was mixed with DCE (4 ml), and ethanesulfonyl chloride (122 mg) and TEA (145 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. CHCl₃ and water were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with THF (4 ml), and a 1M TBAF/THF solution (0.9 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. EtOAc and water were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane) to obtain {3-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-fluorophenyl}methanol (123.9 mg).

Preparation Example 791

4-Nitrophenyl 4-[({5-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}oxy)met hyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (200 mg) was mixed with NMP (5 ml), and isopropyl amine (0.3 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at 70° C. for 6 hours. iPrNH₂ (0.3 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at 70° C. overnight. iPrNH₂ (0.4 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at 70° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure, and then a 1M aqueous NaOH solution and EtOAc were added thereto. The organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with THF (4 ml), and a 1M TBAF/THF solution (0.7 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. EtOAc and water were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane/MeOH/CHCl₃) to obtain 4-[({5-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}oxy)methyl]-N-isopropylpiperi dine-1-carboxyamide (107.4 mg).

Preparation Example 793

tert-Butyl 3-(pyridin-4-ylmethoxy)azetidine-1-carboxylate (4.8 g) was mixed with acetic acid (25 ml) and EtOAc (25 ml), and 10% platinum/carbon was added thereto under argon atmosphere, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight under hydrogen atmosphere of 1 atm. The reaction mixture was filtered using Celite as a filtration adjuvant, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain tert-butyl 3-(piperidin-4-ylmethoxy)azetidine-1-carboxylate (4.8 g).

Preparation Example 796

Benzyl 3-oxopiperazine-1-carboxylate (400 mg) and 3-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide (647 mg) were mixed with DMF (8 ml), and sodium hydride (55% suspended in oil) (194 mg) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. Water and CHCl₃ were added to the reaction mixture at 0° C., and the organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, dried over anhydrous sodium carbonate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (EtOAc/hexane) to obtain benzyl 3-oxo-4-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate (345 mg).

Preparation Example 801

2-(2-Fluoro-3-{4-[2-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl}benzyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (135 mg) was suspended in EtOH (3 ml), and hydrazine hydrate (67 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at 80° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (28% aqueous ammonia/MeOH/CHCl₃) to obtain 1-(2-fluoro-3-{4-[2-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl}phenyl)methan amine (100 mg).

Preparation Example 803

tert-Butyl 3-hydroxyazetidine-1-carboxylate (1.0 g) and 6-methylpyridin-3-ol (570 mg) were mixed with THF (10 ml), and triphenylphosphine (2.3 g) was added thereto. A 1.9 M DIAD/toluene solution (4.5 ml) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at 55° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and EtOAc and 1M hydrochloric acid were added thereto. The aqueous layer was adjusted to pH of around 10 by the addition of a 4M aqueous NaOH solution, followed by extraction with CHCl₃. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with DCE (6 ml), and TFA (3 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and then CHCl₃ and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution were added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 5-(azetidin-3-yloxy)-2-methylpyridine (269 mg).

Preparation Example 805

4-Bromo-2,6-dimethylpyridine (2 g) was mixed with THF (30 ml) and cooled to −78° C. under argon atmosphere. A 1.65M n-butyl lithium/hexane solution (8.5 ml) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at −78° C. for 10 minutes, and DMF (1.3 ml) was added thereto. The reaction mixture was warmed to 0° C. over 1 hour, followed by stirring at 0° C. for 1 hour. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with MeOH (30 ml), and NaBH₄ (610 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ and water were added to the obtained residue. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain (2,6-dimethylpyridin-4-yl)methanol (457 mg).

Preparation Example 806

(2,6-Dimethylpyridin-4-yl)methanol (457 mg) was mixed with DCE (8 ml), and thionyl chloride (0.6 ml) and DMF (19 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain 4-(chloromethyl)-2,6-dimethylpyridine hydrochloride (567 mg).

Preparation Example 807

1-(2-tert-Butoxypyridin-4-yl)-4-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluoroph enyl]piperazine (3.14 g) was mixed with CH₂Cl₂ (50 ml), and TFA (5.1 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was mixed with MeOH (2 ml). A 8 M NH₃/MeOH solution (10 ml) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. The solid in the reaction mixture was collected by filtration, washed with MeOH, and dried at 50° C. under reduced pressure to obtain 4-{4-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl}pyridin-2(1H)-one (1.76 g).

Preparation Example 809

tert-Butyl 4-[1-(diphenylmethyl)azetidin-3-yl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.9 g) was mixed with MeOH (50 ml), and 1M hydrochloric acid (5.1 ml) and 20% palladium carbon hydroxide (600 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 4 hours under hydrogen atmosphere of 3 atm. After returning to normal pressure under argon atmosphere, a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (1 ml) was added thereto. The reaction mixture was filtered using Celite as a filtration adjuvant, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. CHCl₃ and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution were added to the obtained residue, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain tert-butyl 4-(azetidin-3-yl)piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.1 g).

Preparation Example 810

tert-Butyl 4-{1-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]azetidin-3-yl}piperidine-1-carboxylate (2 g) was mixed with CH₂Cl₂ (20 ml), and TFA (5 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with CH₂Cl₂ (30 ml), and TEA (6 ml) and TBSC1 (2.5 g) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 60° C. overnight. Water was added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with MeOH (20 ml), and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (5 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, CHCl₃ and water were added to the obtained residue, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain 4-{1-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]azetidin-3-yl}piperidine (673 mg).

Preparation Example 821

tert-Butyl 3-{[6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl]oxy}azetidine-1-carboxylate (198 mg) was mixed with THF (3 ml), and sodium hydride (55% suspended in oil) (50 mg) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at 0° C. for 30 minutes. Methyl iodide (0.4 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. EtOAc and water were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with DCE (2.8 ml), and TFA (902 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours. CHCl₃ and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 5-(azetidin-3-yloxy)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyridine.

Preparation Example 830

(3-{3-[(6-tert-Butoxypyridin-3-yl)oxy]azetidin-1-yl}-2-fluorophenyl)methanol (760 mg) was mixed with dichloromethane (5 ml), and TFA (2 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution and CHCl₃ were added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 5-({1-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]azetidin-3-yl}oxy)pyridin-2(1H)-one (428 mg).

Preparation Example 834

4-{1-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]azetidin-3-yl}piperidi ne (120 mg) and triethylamine (145 mg) were mixed with dichloromethane (3 ml), and propanoyl chloride (48 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. A 1M aqueous NaOH solution and CHCl₃ were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with THF (3 ml), and a 1M TBAF/THF (0.5 ml) solution was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. A saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 1-(4-{1-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]azetidin-3-yl}piperidin-1-yl)propan-1-one (98 mg).

Preparation Example 836

4-{1-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]azetidin-3-yl}piperidi ne (120 mg) and methoxy acetic acid (47 mg) was mixed with dichloromethane (3 ml), and WSC hydrochloride (100 mg) and HOBt (70 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. A 1M aqueous NaOH solution and CHCl₃ were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with THF (3 ml), and a 1M TBAF/THF solution (0.66 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. EtOAc and a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain 1-(4-{1-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]azetidin-3-yl}piperidin-1-yl)-2-methoxyethan one (106 mg).

Preparation Example 840

4-{4-[2-Fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl}pyridin-2(1H)-one (300 mg) was suspended in DMF (7.5 ml), and potassium carbonate (273 mg), 2-bromoethylmethyl ether (275 mg), and tetrabutylammonium iodide (37 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 60° C. overnight. Water and CHCl₃ were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was washed with saturated brine and then dried over Na₂SO₄. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (MeOH/CHCl₃) to obtain (2-fluoro-3-{4-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)pyridin-4-yl]piperazin-1-yl}phenyl)methanol (104 mg).

Preparation Example 841

Benzyl 3-hydroxyazetidine-1-carboxylate (2.3 g) and 6-tert-butoxypyridin-3-ol (1.5 g) were mixed with THF (25 ml), and triphenylphosphine (4 g) was added thereto. A 1.9 M DIAD/toluene solution (8 ml) was added dropwise thereto, followed by stirring at 55° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with ethanol (25 ml), and 10% palladium carbon (800 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours under hydrogen atmosphere. The reaction mixture was filtered using Celite as a filtration adjuvant, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 5-(azetidin-3-yloxy)-2-tert-butoxypyridine (595 mg).

Preparation Example 842

5-({1-[2-Fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]azetidin-3-yl}oxy)pyridin-2(1H)-one (160 mg) was mixed with DMF (3 ml), and methyl iodide (114 mg) and potassium carbonate (200 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 60° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and to the residue were added CHCl₃ and water. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 5-({1-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]azetidin-3-yl}oxy)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one (106 mg).

Preparation Example 845

4-({1-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]azetidin-3-yl}oxy)pi peridine (250 mg) and dioxane (7 ml) were mixed, and methyl 5-bromopyridine-2-carboxylate (170 mg), palladium acetate (II)(15 mg), dicyclohexyl(2′,4′,6′-triisopropylbiphenyl-2-yl)phosphine (60 mg), and tripotassium phosphate (400 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring 100° C. for 48 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and filtered by the addition of CHCl₃ and Celite, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with THF (5 ml), and a 1.0M TBAF/THF solution (0.63 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. A saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution and CHCl₃ were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain methyl 5-[4-({1-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]azetidin-3-yl}oxy)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-2-c arboxylate (92 mg).

Preparation Example 847

tert-Butyl 4-{1-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]azetidin-3-yl}piperidine-1-carboxylate (2.9 g) and dichloromethane (29 ml) were mixed, and TFA (7.3 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were added thereto. The aqueous layer was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ was added to the residue, followed by stirring and filtrating. The filtrate was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain {2-fluoro-3-[3-(piperidin-4-yl)azetidin-1-yl]phenyl}methanol (1.25 g).

Preparation Example 853

5-{4-[2-Fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl}pyridin-2(1H)-one (352 mg) and DMF (10 ml) were mixed, and potassium carbonate (240 mg) and methyl iodide (200 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 60° C. overnight. Methyl iodide (49 mg) and potassium carbonate (48.1 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 60° C. for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and water and CHCl₃ were added thereto at 0° C. The organic layer was washed with water and saturated brine, and then dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 5-{4-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]piperazin-1-yl}-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one (256 mg).

Preparation Example 855

6-Iodoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (400 mg), tert-butyl 3-hydroxyazetidine-1-carboxylate (500 mg), and toluene (2 ml) were mixed, and copper iodide (I) (40 mg), 1,10-phenanthroline (60 mg), and cesium carbonate (1 g) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 100° C. overnight. CHCl₃ and water were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with dichloromethane (5 ml), and TFA (1.5 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 6-(azetidin-3-yloxy)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (189 mg).

Preparation Example 857

tert-Butyl 3-oxoazetidine-1-carboxylate (1 g) and THF (20 ml), which had been cooled to 0° C., were mixed, and a 1.12M methylmagnesium bromide/THF solution (10 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at the same temperature for 1 hour. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain tert-butyl 3-hydroxy-3-methylazetidine-1-carboxylate (1.0 g).

Preparation Example 859

5-(Chloromethyl)-2-methylpyridine hydrochloride (1.13 g) and DMF (9 ml) were mixed, and triphenylphosphine (1.67 g) and sodium iodide (5 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 90° C. for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration and washed with toluene to obtain [(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl](triphenyl)phosphonium chloride hydrochloride (2.18 g).

Preparation Example 860

Under argon atmosphere, (2-bromopyridin-4-yl)methanol (2.53 g), cyclopropylboronic acid (3.6 g), tripotassium phosphate (10 g), tricyclohexylphosphine (750 mg), toluene (60 ml), and water (3 ml) were mixed, and palladium acetate (II) (300 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 100° C. for 5 hours. Cyclopropylboronic acid (1.8 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at 100° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ and water were added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain (2-cyclopropylpyridin-4-yl)methanol (602 mg).

Preparation Example 893

Under argon atmosphere, [(3-bromo-2-fluorobenzyl)oxy](tert-butyl)dimethylsilane (5.5 g), 3-[(benzyloxy)methyl]azetidine (2.5 g), and toluene (50 ml) were mixed, and (1E,4E)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one palladium (3:2) (900 mg), BINAP (1.8 g), and sodium tert-butoxide (2.5 g) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 90° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and EtOAc were added thereto, followed by filtering using Celite as a filtration adjuvant. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with EtOH (40 ml), and 10% palladium carbon (1 g) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight under hydrogen atmosphere of 1 atm and filtering using Celite as a filtration adjuvant. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain {1-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]azetidin-3-yl}methanol (885 mg).

Preparation Example 894

Under argon atmosphere, 4-({1-[3-({[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]azetidin-3-yl}oxy)piperi dine (500 mg), 5-bromo-2-tert-butoxypyridine (500 mg), and toluene (10 ml) were mixed, and (1E,4E)-1,5-diphenylpenta-1,4-dien-3-one palladium (3:2) (80 mg), BINAP (160 mg), sodium tert-butoxide (200 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 90° C. for 3 hours.

The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and EtOAc was added thereto, followed by filtering using Celite as a filtration adjuvant. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with dichloromethane (5 ml), and TFA (2 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and to the residue were added MeOH (3 ml) and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (2.5 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. 1M hydrochloric acid (2.5 ml) was added thereto, and the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue were added CHCl₃ and water, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 5-[4-({1-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]azetidin-3-yl}oxy)piperidin-1-yl]pyridin-2(1H)-one (306 mg).

Preparation Example 922

tert-Butyl 3-{[6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridin-3-yl]oxy}azetidine-1-carboxylate (242 mg) and THF (3 ml) were mixed, and triethylamine (182 mg) and methanesulfonyl chloride (147 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. In another flask, THF (3 ml) and EtOH (237 mg) were mixed, and NaH was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 10 minutes. The reaction mixture prepared immediately before was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. Water and EtOAc were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. DCE (4 ml) and TFA (1 ml) were added to the obtained residue, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours, and then concentrating under reduced pressure. CHCl₃ and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution were added to the residue, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 5-(azetidin-3-yloxy)-2-(ethoxymethyl)pyridine (131 mg).

Preparation Example 926

{1-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]azetidin-3-yl}methylm ethanesulfonate (150 mg), 6-methylpyridin-3-ol (70 mg), and DMF (2 ml) were mixed, and potassium carbonate (120 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 80° C. for 6 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. THF (2 ml) and a 1M TBAF/THF solution (0.6 ml) were added to the obtained residue, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. CHCl₃ and a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution were added to the reaction mixture, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc) to obtain [2-fluoro-3-(3-{[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)oxy]methyl}azetidin-1-yl)phenyl]methanol (74 mg).

Preparation Example 938

TFA (0.5 ml) was added to a mixture of [3-(3-{[(6-tert-butoxypyridin-3-yl)oxy]methyl}azetidin-1-yl)-2-fluorophenyl]methanol (146 mg) and dichloromethane (1 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/methanol). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with DMF (2 ml), and potassium carbonate (100 mg) and methyl iodide (68 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and CHCl₃ and water were added to the residue. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/methanol) to obtain 5-({1-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]azetidin-3-yl}methoxy)-1-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one (82 mg).

The compounds of Preparation Examples shown in the tables below were prepared using the respective corresponding starting materials in the same manner as the methods of Preparation Examples above. The structures, the preparation methods, and the physicochemical data for the compounds of Preparation Examples are shown in the tables below.

TABLE 3 Rf Syn Structure 1 R12

2 R12

3 R12

4 R12

5 R12

6 R12

7 R12

8 R12

9 R12

10 R12

11 R12

12 R12

13 R12

14 R12

TABLE 4 Rf Syn Structure 15 R12

16 R12

17 R12

18 R12

19 R12

20 R12

21 R12

22 R12

23 R12

24 R12

25 R12

26 R12

27 R12

28 R12

TABLE 5 Rf Syn Structure 29 R12

30 R12

31 R12

32 R32

33 R33

34 R33

35 R33

36 R33

37 R33

38 R38

39 R39

40 R41

41 R41

42 R42

43 R42

44 R44

TABLE 6 Rf Syn Structure 45 R45

46 R45

47 R45

48 R48

49 R50

50 R50

51 R50

52 R50

53 R54

54 R54

55 R54

56 R54

57 R57

58 R58

59 R58

60 R60

61 R60

62 R62

TABLE 7 Rf Syn Structure 63 R63

64 R63

65 R63

66 R63

67 R67

68 R67

69 R69

70 R70

71 R81

72 R81

73 R81

74 R81

75 R81

76 R81

77 R81

78 R81

TABLE 8 Rf Syn Structure 79 R81

80 R81

81 R81

82 R81

83 R81

84 R135

85 R135

86 R135

87 R135

88 R135

89 R135

90 R135

91 R135

92 R135

TABLE 9 Rf Syn Structure 93 R135

94 R135

95 R135

96 R135

97 R135

98 R135

99 R135

100 R135

101 R135

102 R135

103 R135

104 R135

105 R135

106 R135

107 R135

108 R135

TABLE 10 Rf Syn Structure 109 R135

110 R135

111 R135

112 R135

113 R135

114 R135

115 R135

116 R135

117 R135

118 R135

119 R135

120 R135

121 R135

122 R135

TABLE 11 Rf Syn Structure 123 R135

124 R135

125 R135

126 R135

127 R135

128 R135

129 R135

130 R135

131 R135

132 R135

133 R135

134 R135

135 R135

136 R135 137 R135

138 R135

TABLE 12 Rf Syn Structure 139 R135

140 R135

141 R135

142 R135

143 R135

144 R135

145 R135

146 R135

147 R135

148 R135

149 R135

150 R135

151 R135

152 R135

TABLE 13 Rf Syn Structure 153 R135

154 R135

155 R135

156 R135

157 R135

158 R159

159 R159

160 R159

161 R162

162 R162

163 R163

164 R174

165 R174

166 R174

TABLE 14 Rf Syn Structure 167 R174

168 R174

169 R174

170 R174

171 R174

172 R174

173 R174

174 R174

175 R174

176 R177

177 R177

178 R177

179 R177

180 R177

181 R177

182 R182

TABLE 15 Rf Syn Structure 183 R228

184 R228

185 R228

186 R228

187 R228

188 R228

189 R228

190 R228

191 R228

192 R228

193 R228

194 R228

195 R228

196 R228

197 R228

198 R228

TABLE 16 Rf Syn Structure 199 R228

200 R228

201 R228

202 R228

203 R228

204 R228

205 R228

206 R228

207 R228

208 R228

209 R228

210 R228

211 R228

212 R228

213 R228

214 R228

215 R228

216 R228

TABLE 17 Rf Syn Structure 217 R228

218 R228

219 R228

220 R228

221 R228

222 R228

223 R228

224 R228

225 R228

226 R228

227 R228

228 R228

229 R228

230 R228

231 R228

232 R228

233 R228

234 R228

TABLE 18 Rf Syn Structure 235 R228

236 R228

237 R228

238 R228

239 R228

240 R228

241 R228

242 R228

243 R228

244 R228

245 R228

246 R228

247 R228

248 R228

249 R228

250 R228

TABLE 19 Rf Syn Structure 251 R228

252 R228

253 R228

254 R228

255 R228

256 R228

257 R228

258 R228

259 R228

260 R228

261 R228

262 R228

263 R228

264 R228

265 R228

266 R228

TABLE 20 Rf Syn Structure 267 R228

268 R228

269 R228

270 R228

271 R228

272 R228

273 R228

274 R228

275 R228

276 R228

277 R228

278 R228

279 R228

280 R228

281 R228

282 R228

283 R228

284 R285

TABLE 21 Rf Syn Structure 285 R285

286 R285

287 R285

288 R285

289 R285

290 R290

291 R290

292 R285

293 R294

294 R294

295 R294

296 R297

297 R297

298 R297

299 R297

300 R297

TABLE 22 Rf Syn Structure 301 R301

302 R302

303 R304

304 R304

305 R305

306 R306

307 R307

308 R309

309 R309

310 R336

311 R336

312 R326

313 R336

314 R336

315 R336

316 R336

TABLE 23 Rf Syn Structure 317 R336

318 R336

319 R336

320 R336

321 R336

322 R336

323 R336

324 R336

325 R336

326 R336

327 R336

328 R336

329 R336

330 R336

331 R336

332 R336

TABLE 24 Rf Syn Structure 333 R336

334 R336

335 R336

336 R336

337 R336

338 R336

339 R336

340 R336

341 R341

342 R343

343 R343

344 R343

345 R343

346 R343

TABLE 25 Rf Syn Structure 347 R347

348 R347

349 R347

350 R347

351 R347

352 R376

353 R376

354 R376

355 R376

356 R376

357 R376

358 R376

359 R376

360 R376

TABLE 26 Rf Syn Structure 361 R376

362 R159

363 R376

364 R376

365 R376

366 R376

367 R376

368 R376

369 R376

370 R376

371 R376

372 R376

373 R376

374 R376

TABLE 27 Rf Syn Structure 375 R376

376 R376

377 R376

378 R376

379 R376

380 R376

381 R376

382 R376

383 R376

384 R376

385 R376

386 R376

387 R376

388 R376

TABLE 28 Rf Syn Structure 389 R376

390 R376

391 R376

392 R376

393 R376

394 R376

395 R376

396 R376

397 R376

398 R376

399 R376

400 R376

401 R376

402 R376

TABLE 29 Rf Syn Structure 403 R376

404 R376

405 R376

406 R376

407 R376

408 R376

409 R376

410 R376

411 R376

412 R376

413 R376

414 R376

415 R376

416 R376

TABLE 30 Rf Syn Structure 417 R376

418 R376

419 R376

420 R376

421 R376

422 R376

423 R376

424 R376

425 R376

426 R376

427 R376

428 R376

429 R376

430 R376

TABLE 31 Rf Syn Structure 431 R376

432 R376

433 R376

434 R376

435 R376

436 R376

437 R376

438 R376

439 R376

440 R376

441 R376

442 R376

443 R376

444 R376

TABLE 32 Rf Syn Structure 445 R376

446 R376

447 R376

448 R376

449 R376

450 R376

451 R376

452 R376

453 R376

454 R376

455 R376

456 R376

457 R376

458 R478

TABLE 33 Rf Syn Structure 459 R478

460 R478

461 R478

462 R478

463 R478

464 R478

465 R478

466 R478

467 R478

468 R478

469 R478

470 R478

471 R478

472 R478

473 R478

474 R478

475 R478

476 R478

TABLE 34 Rf Syn Structure 477 R478

478 R478

479 R478

480 R478

481 R478

482 R478

483 R478

484 R478

485 R478

486 R478

487 R478

488 R478

489 R478

490 R478

TABLE 35 Rf Syn Structure 491 R478

492 R478

493 R478

494 R478

495 R478

496 R478

497 R478

498 R478

499 R478

500 R478

501 R478

502 R478

503 R478

504 R478

TABLE 36 Rf Syn Structure 505 R478

506 R478

507 R508

508 R508

509 R508

510 R508

511 R514

512 R514

513 R514

514 R514

515 R516

516 R516

517 R516

518 R518

519 R518

520 R518

TABLE 37 Rf Syn Structure 521 R518

522 R518

523 R518

524 R518

525 R518

526 R518

527 R518

528 R518

529 R548

530 R548

531 R548

532 R548

533 R548

534 R548

535 R548

536 R548

TABLE 38 Rf Syn Structure 537 R548

538 R548

539 R548

540 R548

541 R548

542 R548

543 R548

544 R548

545 R548

546 R548

547 R548

548 R548

549 R548

550 R548

551 R548

552 R548

553 R548

554 R548

TABLE 39 Rf Syn Structure 555 R548

556 R548

557 R548

558 R548

559 R548

560 R548

561 R563

562 R563

563 R563

564 R564

565 R177

566 R568

567 R568

568 R568

569 R568

570 R568

TABLE 40 Rf Syn Structure 571 R568

572 R572

573 R573

574 R574

575 R574

576 R574

577 R581

578 R581

579 R581

580 R581

581 R581

582 R582

583 R582

584 R584

585 R584

586 R584

TABLE 41 Rf Syn Structure 587 R584

588 R584

589 R589

590 R589

591 R589

592 R592

593 R593

594 R594

595 R596

596 R596

597 R603

598 R603

599 R603

600 R603

601 R603

602 R603

603 R603

604 R603

TABLE 42 Rf Syn Structure 605 R603

606 R603

607 R603

608 R603

609 R603

610 R603

611 R603

612 R603

613 R613

614 R614

615 R617

616 R617

617 R617

618 R617

TABLE 43 Rf Syn Structure 619 R617

620 R617

621 R306

622 R306

623 R306

624 R306

625 R306

626 R306

627 R306

628 R306

629 R306

630 R631

631 R631

632 R631

633 R631

634 R638

TABLE 44 Rf Syn Structure 635 R638

636 R638

637 R638

638 R638

639 R638

640 R638

641 R638

642 R638

643 R638

644 R638

645 R638

646 R638

647 R638

648 R638

649 R651

650 R651

651 R651

652 R651

TABLE 45 Rf Syn Structure 653 R653

654 R651

655 R651

656 R651

657 R651

658 R651

659 R651

660 R651

661 R651

662 R653

663 R663

664 R663

665 R663

666 R663

669 R671

670 R671

TABLE 46 Rf Syn Structure 671 R671

672 R671

673 R674

674 R674

675 R674

676 R674

677 R677

678 R677

679 R680

680 R680

681 R680

682 R680

683 R680

684 R680

685 R686

686 R686

TABLE 47 Rf Syn Structure 687 R686

688 R686

689 R686

690 R686

691 R686

692 R686

693 R686

694 R686

695 R686

696 R686

697 R686

698 R686

699 R686

700 R686

701 R686

702 R686

TABLE 48 Rf Syn Structure 703 R686

704 R686

705 R686

706 R686

707 R707

708 R707

709 R709

710 R712

711 R712

712 R712

713 R686

714 R686

715 R686

716 R686

717 R686

718 R686

TABLE 49 Rf Syn Structure 719 R686

720 R686

721 R686

722 R686

723 R686

724 R686

725 R686

726 R343

727 R343

728 R343

729 R343

730 R343

731 R343

732 R343

733 R343

734 R343

TABLE 50 Rf Syn Structure 735 R343

736 R343

737 R343

738 R343

739 R343

740 R343

741 R343

742 R343

743 R343

744 R343

745 R343

746 R343

747 R343

748 R343

749 R749

750 R752

TABLE 51 Rf Syn Structure 751 R752

752 R752

753 R754

754 R754

755 R754

756 R754

757 R754

758 R758

759 R758

760 R760

761 R761

762 R766

763 R766

764 R766

765 R766

766 R766

TABLE 52 Rf Syn Structure 767 R767

768 R767

769 R341

770 R341

771 R341

772 R772

773 R776

774 R776

775 R776

776 R776

777 R776

778 R776

779 R776

780 R776

781 R776

782 R776

TABLE 53 Rf Syn Structure 783 R776

784 R776

785 R776

786 R776

787 R776

788 R776

789 R776

790 R776

791 R791

792 R791

793 R793

794 R793

795 R796

796 R796

797 R801

798 R801

TABLE 54 Rf Syn Structure 799 R801

800 R801

801 R801

802 R343

803 R803

804 R803

805 R805

806 R806

807 R807

808 R809

809 R809

810 R810

811 R228

812 R228

TABLE 55 Rf Syn Structure 813 R228

814 R228

815 R228

816 R228

817 R285

818 R285

819 R285

820 R285

821 R821

822 R821

823 R309

824 R347

825 R347

826 R376

827 R376

828 R376

TABLE 56 Rf Syn Structure 829 R376

830 R830

831 R663

832 R677

833 R686

834 R834

835 R834

836 R836

837 R836

838 R776

839 R285

840 R840

841 R841

842 R842

TABLE 57 Rf Data 1 ESI+: 500 2 ESI+: 288 3 ESI+: 288 4 ESI+: 320 5 ESI+: 288 6 ESI+: 288 7 ESI+: 218 8 ESI+: 356 9 ESI+: 275 10 ESI+: 289 11 ESI+: 272 12 ESI+: 270 13 ESI+: 277 14 ESI+: 340 15 ESI+: 385 16 ESI+: 371 17 ESI+: 369 18 ESI+: 461 19 ESI+: 538, 540 20 ESI+: 334 21 ESI+: 221 22 ESI+: 286 23 ESI+: 237 24 ESI+: 286 25 ESI+: 286 26 APCI/ESI+: 290 27 APCI/ESI+: 306 28 APCI/ESI+: 347 29 APCI/ESI+: 347 30 APCI/ESI+: 287 31 APCI/ESI+: 287 32 ESI+: 308 33 EI: 234

TABLE 58 Rf Data 34 EI: 248 35 EI: 248 36 EI: 252 37 EI: 268 38 APCI/ESI+: 182 39 EI: 166 40 ESI+: 501 41 ESI+: 444 42 APCI/ESI+: 282 43 APCI/ESI+: 296 44 ESI+: 399 45 ESI+: 285 46 ESI+: 299 47 ESI+: 418 48 ESI+: 429 49 ESI+: 285 50 ESI+: 200 51 ESI+: 257 52 ESI+: 271 53 ESI+: 369 [M]+ 54 ESI+: 284 [M]+ 55 ESI+: 341 [M]+ 56 ESI+: 355 [M]+ 57 ESI+: 211 58 ESI+: 251 59 ESI+: 265 60 ESI+: 303 61 ESI+: 303 62 ESI+: 164 63 ESI+: 193 64 ESI+: 207 65 ESI+: 165 66 ESI+: 179

TABLE 59 Rf Data 67 ESI+: 460 68 ESI+: 502 69 ESI+: 399 70 ESI+: 364 71 ESI+: 290 72 ESI+: 290 73 ESI+: 290 74 ESI+: 290 75 ESI+: 308 76 ESI+: 304 77 ESI+: 320 78 ESI+: 333 79 ESI+: 373 80 ESI+: 239 81 ESI+: 288 82 APCI/ESI+: 289 83 APCI/ESI+: 289 84 ESI+: 332.15 85 ESI+: 333.09 86 ESI+: 341 87 ESI+: 345 88 ESI+: 380 89 ESI+: 334 90 ESI+: 372 91 ESI+: 356 92 ESI+: 443 93 APCI/ESI+: 481, 483 94 APCI/ESI+: 288, 290 95 APCI/ESI+: 264, 266 96 ESI+: 370 97 ESI+: 532 98 ESI+: 532 99 ESI+: 271

TABLE 60 Rf Data 100 ESI+: 374 101 ESI+: 389 102 ESI+: 317 103 ESI+: 318 104 ESI+: 317 105 ESI+: 334 106 ESI+: 443 107 ESI+: 360 108 ESI+: 376 109 ESI+: 402 110 ESI+: 375 111 ESI+: 318 112 ESI+: 186 113 ESI+: 166 114 ESI+: 360 115 ESI+: 332 116 ESI+: 224 117 ESI+: 460 118 ESI+: 292 119 ESI+: 319 120 ESI+: 331 121 ESI+: 331 122 ESI+: 327 123 ESI+: 399 124 ESI+: 355 125 ESI+: 441 126 ESI+: 404 127 ESI+: 447 128 ESI+: 454 129 ESI+: 399 130 ESI+: 373 131 ESI+: 300 132 ESI+: 274

TABLE 61 Rf Data 133 ESI+: 256 134 ESI+: 274 135 ESI+: 300 136 ESI+: 314 137 ESI+: 328 138 ESI+: 348 139 ESI+: 292 140 ESI+: 292 141 ESI+: 274 142 APCI/ESI+: 248 143 APCI/ESI+: 318 144 APCI/ESI+: 288 145 ESI+: 306 146 APCI/ESI+: 373 147 APCI/ESI+: 306 148 APCI/ESI+: 304 149 APCI/ESI+: 336 150 ESI+: 372 151 ESI+: 386 152 ESI+: 290 153 APCI/ESI+: 304 154 APCI/ESI+: 390 155 APCI/ESI+: 465 156 APCI/ESI+: 408 157 APCI/ESI+: 278 158 ESI+: 388 159 ESI+: 415 160 ESI+: 376 161 ESI+: 277 162 EI: 194 163 ESI+: 249 164 ESI+: 341 165 ESI+: 472

TABLE 62 Rf Data 166 ESI+: 594 167 ESI+: 524 168 ESI+: 425 169 ESI+: 495 170 ESI+: 245 171 ESI+: 259 172 ESI+: 378 173 ESI+: 417 174 ESI+: 277 175 ESI+: 271 176 ESI+: 187 177 ESI+: 332 178 ESI+: 304 179 ESI+: 210 180 APCI/ESI+: 254 181 APCI/ESI+: 268 182 EI: 306 183 APCI/ESI+: 488 184 APCI/ESI+: 516 185 APCI/ESI+: 488 186 APCI/ESI+: 516 187 APCI/ESI+: 487 188 APCI/ESI+: 532 189 APCI/ESI+: 487 190 APCI/ESI+: 488 191 APCI/ESI+: 407 192 ESI+: 487 193 APCI/ESI+: 508 194 ESI+: 470 195 APCI/ESI+: 433 196 APCI/ESI+: 459 197 APCI/ESI+: 503 198 APCI/ESI+: 326

TABLE 63 Rf Data 199 APCI/ESI+: 479 200 APCI/ESI+: 493 201 APCI/ESI+: 479 202 APCI/ESI+: 493 203 APCI/ESI+: 555 204 APCI/ESI+: 555 205 APCI/ESI+: 326 206 APCI/ESI+: 370 207 APCI/ESI+: 381 208 APCI/ESI+: 584 209 APCI/ESI+: 558 210 ESI+: 502 211 ESI+: 319 212 ESI+: 473 213 ESI+: 457 214 ESI+: 355 215 ESI+: 487 216 ESI+: 473 217 ESI+: 437 218 ESI+: 493 219 ESI+: 487 220 ESI+: 473 221 ESI+: 473 222 ESI+: 411 223 ESI+: 423 224 ESI+: 437 225 ESI+: 402 226 ESI+: 402 227 ESI+: 556 228 ESI+: 416 229 ESI+: 430 230 ESI+: 416 231 ESI+: 416

TABLE 64 Rf Data 232 ESI+: 403 233 ESI+: 416 234 ESI+: 416 235 ESI+: 416 236 ESI+: 416 237 ESI+: 416 238 ESI+: 408 239 ESI+: 416 240 ESI+: 417 241 ESI+: 430 242 ESI+: 427 243 ESI+: 413 244 ESI+: 397 245 ESI+: 389 246 ESI+: 390 247 ESI+: 350 248 ESI+: 470 249 ESI+: 398 250 ESI+: 384 251 ESI+: 384 252 ESI+: 488 253 ESI+: 402 254 ESI+: 401 255 ESI+: 431 256 ESI+: 445 257 ESI+: 459 258 ESI+: 401 259 ESI+: 478 260 APCI/ESI+: 487 261 APCI/ESI+: 487 262 APCI/ESI+: 487 263 APCI/ESI+: 487 264 APCI/ESI+: 503

TABLE 65 Rf Data 265 ESI+: 503 266 APCI/ESI+: 503 267 APCI/ESI+: 409 268 APCI/ESI+: 473 269 APCI/ESI+: 502 270 APCI/ESI+: 502 271 APCI/ESI+: 541 272 ESI+: 585 273 ESI+: 535 274 ESI+: 537 275 ESI+: 571 276 ESI+: 438 277 ESI+: 523 278 ESI+: 438 279 ESI+: 543 280 ESI+: 529 281 ESI+: 543 282 ESI+: 557 283 ESI+: 402 284 APCI/ESI+: 240 285 ESI+: 275 286 ESI+: 317 287 ESI+: 331 288 ESI+: 289 289 ESI+: 303 290 ESI+: 250 291 ESI+: 250 292 ESI+: 298 293 ESI+: 277 294 ESI+: 270 295 ESI+: 269 296 APCI/ESI+: 480, 482 297 EI: 300, 302

TABLE 66 Rf Data 298 ESI+: 319 321 299 ESI+: 257 300 APCI/ESI+: 353 301 ESI+: 416 302 ESI+: 286 303 ESI+: 417 304 ESI+: 403 305 APCI/ESI+: 320 306 ESI+: 200 307 APCI/ESI+: 174 308 EI: 215 309 EI: 182 310 ESI+: 358 311 ESI+: 346 312 ESI+: 343 313 APCI/ESI+: 361 314 APCI/ESI+: 347 315 APCI/ESI+: 347 316 ESI+: 375 317 318 ESI+: 493 319 ESI+: 401 320 ESI+: 401 321 ESI+: 373 322 ESI+: 516 323 ESI+: 403 324 ESI+: 516 325 ESI+: 389 326 ESI+: 342 327 ESI+: 368 328 ESI+: 425 329 ESI+: 439 330 ESI+: 451

TABLE 67 Rf Data 331 ESI+: 465 332 ESI+: 451 333 APCI/ESI+: 312 334 ESI+: 398 335 ESI+: 398 336 APCI/ESI+: 323 337 APCI/ESI+: 321 338 APCI/ESI+: 405 339 APCI/ESI+: 337 340 APCI/ESI+: 335 341 ESI+: 363 342 APCI/ESI+: 409 343 APCI/ESI+: 414 344 APCI/ESI+: 398 345 APCI/ESI+: 405 346 ESI+: 393 347 FAB+: 286, 288 348 ESI+: 312, 314 349 ESI+: 345 350 ESI+: 215 351 FAB+: 266 352 APCI/ESI+: 374 353 APCI/ESI+: 402 354 APCI/ESI+: 374 355 APCI/ESI+: 402 356 APCI/ESI+: 373 357 APCI/ESI+: 418 358 APCI/ESI+: 374 359 APCI/ESI+: 373 360 ESI+: 358 361 ESI+: 402 362 APCI/ESI+: 376 363 APCI/ESI+: 376

TABLE 68 Rf Data 364 APCI/ESI+: 373 365 APCI/ESI+: 394 366 APCI/ESI+: 356 367 APCI/ESI+: 319 368 APCI/ESI+: 212 369 APCI/ESI+: 389 370 APCI/ESI+: 365 371 APCI/ESI+: 379 372 APCI/ESI+: 365 373 APCI/ESI+: 379 374 APCI/ESI+: 441 375 APCI/ESI+: 441 376 APCI/ESI+: 212 377 APCI/ESI+: 256 378 APCI/ESI+: 267 379 APCI/ESI+: 444 380 APCI/ESI+: 470 381 ESI+: 388 382 ESI+: 407 383 ESI+: 374 384 ESI+: 379 385 ESI+: 374 386 ESI+: 338 387 ESI+: 338 388 ESI+: 402 389 ESI+: 402 390 ESI+: 411 391 ESI+: 343 392 ESI+: 311 393 ESI+: 325 394 ESI+: 337 395 ESI+: 337 396 ESI+: 351

TABLE 69 Rf Data 397 ESI+: 346 398 ESI+: 346 399 ESI+: 325 400 ESI+: 351 401 ESI+: 376 402 ESI+: 337 403 ESI+: 311 404 ESI+: 337 405 ESI+: 297 406 ESI+: 388 407 ESI+: 296 408 ESI+: 323 409 ESI+: 343 410 ESI+: 309 411 ESI+: 323 412 ESI+: 288 413 ESI+: 288 414 ESI+: 302 415 ESI+: 316 416 ESI+: 302 417 ESI+: 442 418 ESI+: 350 419 ESI+: 302 420 ESI+: 289 421 ESI+: 302 422 ESI+: 302 423 ESI+: 302 424 ESI+: 302 425 ESI+: 294 426 ESI+: 302 427 ESI+: 345 428 ESI+: 302 429 ESI+: 289

TABLE 70 Rf Data 430 ESI+: 346 431 ESI+: 346 432 ESI+: 303 433 ESI+: 316 434 ESI+: 313 435 ESI+: 315 436 ESI+: 285 437 ESI+: 299 438 ESI+: 287 439 ESI+: 301 440 ESI+: 303 441 ESI+: 289 442 ESI+: 388 443 ESI+: 356 444 ESI+: 284 445 EI: 150 446 APCI/ESI+: 373 447 APCI/ESI+: 373 448 APCI/ESI+: 373 449 APCI/ESI+: 373 450 APCI/ESI+: 389 451 APCI/ESI+: 389 452 APCI/ESI+: 389 453 APCI/ESI+: 295 454 APCI/ESI+: 388 455 APCI/ESI+: 388 456 ESI+: 324 457 ESI+: 324 458 ESI+: 242 459 ESI+: 341 460 ESI+: 132 461 ESI+: 276 462 ESI+: 494

TABLE 71 Rf Data 463 ESI+: 424 464 ESI+: 432 465 ESI+: 432 466 ESI+: 235 467 ESI+: 256 468 ESI+: 219 469 ESI+: 249 470 ESI+: 223 471 ESI+: 249 472 ESI+: 279 473 ESI+: 185 474 ESI+: 199 475 ESI+: 318 476 ESI+: 189 477 ESI+: 175 478 ESI+: 250 479 ESI+: 193 480 ESI+: 240 481 ESI+: 285 482 ESI+: 271 483 ESI+: 269 484 ESI+: 361 485 ESI+: 438, 440 486 ESI+: 299 487 ESI+: 299 488 ESI+: 255 489 ESI+: 341 490 ESI+: 354 491 ESI+: 304 492 ESI+: 347 493 ESI+: 354 494 ESI+: 299 495 ESI+: 273

TABLE 72 Rf Data 496 ESI+: 206 497 APCI/ESI+: 249 498 APCI/ESI+: 265 499 ESI+: 171 500 ESI+: 347 501 ESI+: 321 502 ESI+: 323 503 ESI+: 333 504 ESI+: 309 505 ESI+: 240 506 ESI+: 254 507 APCI/ESI+: 307 508 APCI/ESI+: 324 509 ESI+: 340 510 APCI/ESI+: 390 511 ESI+: 318 512 ESI+: 290 513 ESI+: 286 514 ESI+: 288 515 ESI+: 482 [M]+ 516 ESI+: 411 [M]+ 517 ESI+: 494 [M]+ 518 ESI+: 270 519 ESI+: 270 520 ESI+: 374 521 ESI+: 287 522 ESI+: 288 523 ESI+: 345 524 ESI+: 331 525 ESI+: 387 526 ESI+: 317 527 ESI+: 287 528 ESI+: 364

TABLE 73 Rf Data 529 ESI+: 432 530 APCI/ESI+: 325 531 APCI/ESI+: 241 532 APCI/ESI+: 255 533 APCI/ESI+: 241 534 APCI/ESI+: 255 535 APCI/ESI+: 317 536 APCI/ESI+: 317 537 ESI+: 339 538 ESI+: 353 539 ESI+: 339 540 ESI+: 255 541 ESI+: 418 542 ESI+: 353 543 ESI+: 448 544 ESI+: 339 545 ESI+: 339 546 ESI+: 460 547 ESI+: 422 548 ESI+: 192 549 APCI/ESI+: 339 550 APCI/ESI+: 407 551 APCI/ESI+: 418 552 APCI/ESI+: 451 553 APCI/ESI+: 404 554 ESI+: 414 555 ESI+: 297 556 ESI+: 437 557 ESI+: 409 558 ESI+: 395 559 ESI+: 409 560 ESI+: 423 561 APCI/ESI+: 451

TABLE 74 Rf Data 562 APCI/ESI+: 451 563 ESI+: 306 564 ESI+: 206 565 ESI+: 340 566 ESI+: 337 567 ESI+: 590 568 EI: 222 569 ESI+: 342 570 APCI/ESI+: 314 571 APCI/ESI+: 314 572 ESI+: 265 573 EI: 236+ 574 FAB+: 273 575 ESI+: 316 576 FAB+: 280 577 ESI+: 374 578 ESI+: 303 579 ESI+: 303 580 ESI+: 397 581 ESI+: 326 582 ESI+: 339 583 ESI+: 347 584 ESI+: 305 585 ESI+: 297 586 ESI+: 173 587 ESI+: 277 588 ESI+: 327 589 EI: 256, 258 590 ESI+: 261, 263 591 ESI+: 289, 291 592 EI: 142 593 APCI/ESI+: 362 594 APCI/ESI+: 243, 245

TABLE 75 Rf Data 595 APCI/ESI+: 521, 523, 524 596 APCI/ESI+: 243, 245 597 ESI+: 502 598 ESI+: 376 599 ESI+: 305 600 ESI+: 305 601 ESI+: 313 602 ESI+: 429 603 ESI+: 401 604 ESI+: 415 605 ESI+: 399 606 ESI+: 328 607 APCI/ESI+: 346 608 APCI/ESI+: 318 609 APCI/ESI+: 318 610 APCI/ESI+: 310 611 APCI/ESI+: 349 612 ESI+: 312 613 APCI/ESI+: 249 614 ESI+: 258, 260 615 ESI+: 489 616 ESI+: 515 617 ESI+: 419 618 ESI+: 447 619 ESI+: 503 620 APCI/ESI+: 365 621 ESI+: 440 622 FAB+: 232 623 ESI+: 293 624 ESI+: 194 625 ESI+: 410 626 ESI+: 424 627 ESI+: 279

TABLE 76 Rf Data 628 ESI+: 289 629 ESI+: 289 630 ESI+: 306 631 ESI+: 302 632 ESI+: 318 633 ESI+: 331 634 ESI+: 532 635 ESI+: 504 636 ESI+: 441 637 ESI+: 566 638 APCI/ESI+: 259 639 ESI+: 460 640 ESI+: 552 641 ESI+: 582 642 ESI+: 454 643 APCI/ESI+: 552 644 ESI+: 490 645 APCI/ESI+: 538 646 ESI+: 548 647 ESI+: 279 648 ESI+: 194 649 ESI+: 347 650 APCI/ESI+: 319 651 APCI/ESI+: 360 652 APCI/ESI+: 390 653 APCI/ESI+: 249 654 APCI/ESI+: 305 655 APCI/ESI+: 305 656 APCI/ESI+: 355 657 APCI/ESI+: 326 658 APCI/ESI+: 348 659 APCI/ESI+: 346 660 APCI/ESI+: 305

TABLE 77 Rf Data 661 APCI/ESI+: 279 662 APCI/ESI+: 235 663 ESI+: 238 664 ESI+: 300 665 ESI+: 340 666 ESI+: 354 669 ESI+: 349 670 ESI+: 236 671 APCI/ESI+: 303 672 ESI+: 433 673 ESI+: 305 674 ESI+: 291 675 ESI+: 305 676 ESI+: 319 677 ESI+: 144 678 ESI+: 454 679 ESI+: 328 680 ESI+: 330 681 ESI+: 365 682 ESI+: 351 683 ESI+: 296 684 ESI+: 322 685 APCI/ESI+: 376 686 APCI/ESI+: 335 687 ESI+: 346 688 APCI/ESI+: 376 689 APCI/ESI+: 375 690 APCI/ESI+: 360 691 APCI/ESI+: 408 692 APCI/ESI+: 388 693 APCI/ESI+: 402 694 APCI/ESI+: 386 695 APCI/ESI+: 379

TABLE 78 Rf Data 696 APCI/ESI+: 393 697 ESI+: 332 698 ESI+: 318 699 ESI+: 362 700 ESI+: 348 701 ESI+: 342 702 ESI+: 365 703 ESI+: 337 704 ESI+: 323 705 ESI+: 337 706 ESI+: 377 707 ESI+: 289 708 ESI+: 303 709 APCI/ESI+: 362 710 ESI+: 264 711 ESI+: 264 712 ESI+: 151 713 ESI+: 386 714 APCI/ESI+: 283 715 APCI/ESI+: 253 716 APCI/ESI+: 281 717 APCI/ESI+: 345 718 APCI/ESI+: 422 719 APCI/ESI+: 374 720 APCI/ESI+: 388 721 APCI/ESI+: 329 722 APCI/ESI+: 422 723 APCI/ESI+: 315 724 ESI+: 389 725 ESI+: 417 726 APCI/ESI+: 297 727 APCI/ESI+: 323 728 APCI/ESI+: 309

TABLE 79 Rf Data 729 APCI/ESI+: 364 730 APCI/ESI+: 351 731 APCI/ESI+: 345 732 APCI/ESI+: 345 733 APCI/ESI+: 316 734 APCI/ESI+: 316 735 APCI/ESI+: 316 736 APCI/ESI+: 418 737 APCI/ESI+: 404 738 APCI/ESI+: 404 739 APCI/ESI+: 423 740 APCI/ESI+: 423 741 APCI/ESI+: 423 742 APCI/ESI+: 337 743 APCI/ESI+: 351 744 APCI/ESI+: 404 745 APCI/ESI+: 402 746 APCI/ESI+: 432 747 APCI/ESI+: 336 748 APCI/ESI+: 364 749 ESI+: 200 750 ESI+: 488 751 ESI+: 488 752 ESI+: 403 753 ESI+: 401 754 ESI+: 164 755 ESI+: 335 756 ESI+: 321 757 ESI+: 454 758 ESI+: 452 759 ESI+: 452 760 761 ESI+: 371

TABLE 80 Rf Data 762 APCI/ESI+: 375 763 APCI/ESI+: 389 764 APCI/ESI+: 375 765 APCI/ESI+: 389 766 ESI+: 447 767 APCI/ESI+: 389 768 APCI/ESI+: 403 769 ESI+: 309 770 ESI+: 365 771 ESI+: 391 772 ESI+: 493 773 APCI/ESI+: 396 774 APCI/ESI+: 410 775 APCI/ESI+: 289 776 APCI/ESI+: 303 777 APCI/ESI+: 315 778 APCI/ESI+: 317 779 APCI/ESI+: 317 780 APCI/ESI+: 357 781 APCI/ESI+: 318 782 APCI/ESI+: 346 783 APCI/ESI+: 358 784 APCI/ESI+: 360 785 ESI+: 373 786 ESI+: 381 787 ESI+: 408 788 ESI+: 368 789 ESI+: 382 790 ESI+: 373 791 APCI/ESI+: 403 792 APCI/ESI+: 401 793 ESI+: 271 794 ESI+: 285

TABLE 81 Rf Data 795 ESI+: 273 796 ESI+: 326 797 ESI+: 359 798 ESI+: 385 799 ESI+: 289 800 ESI+: 317 801 ESI+: 373 802 APCI/ESI+: 351 803 ESI+: 165 804 ESI+: 223 805 ESI+: 138 806 ESI+: 156 807 ESI+: 304 808 ESI+: 183 809 ESI+: 241 810 ESI+: 379 811 ESI+: 474 812 ESI+: 446 813 ESI+: 441 814 ESI+: 446 815 NMR-CDCl₃: 0.10(6H, s), 0.93(9H, s), 1.04-1.12(2H, m), 1.60- 1.70(3H, m), 2.38-2.49(1H, m), 2.63-2.73(2H, m), 3.60-3.66(2H, m), 4.00-4.19(4H, m), 4.75(2H, s), 6.37(1H, t, J = 7 Hz), 6.82- 6.87(1H, t, J = 7 Hz), 6.96(1H, t, J = 7 Hz). 816 ESI+: 446 817 ESI+: 289 818 ESI+: 319 819 ESI+: 317 820 ESI+: 307 821 ESI+: 195 822 ESI+: 193 823 ESI+: 168 824 ESI+: 323 825 ESI+: 407 826 ESI+: 332

TABLE 82 Rf Data 827 ESI+: 327 828 ESI+: 332 829 ESI+: 332 830 ESI+: 291 831 ESI+: 281 832 ESI+: 349 833 ESI+: 337 834 ESI+: 321 835 ESI+: 333 836 ESI+: 337 837 ESI+: 351 838 ESI+: 343 839 ESI+: 347 840 ESI+: 362 841 ESI+: 223 842 ESI+: 305

Example 1

CDI (106 mg) was added to a mixture of 1-(3-{2-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]ethyl}phenyl)methaneamine (97 mg) and DMF (2 ml) at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and EtOAc and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a reaction mixture. Guanidine hydrochloride (40 mg) and potassium tert-butoxide (45 mg) were suspended in DMF (2 ml), and a solution of the reaction mixture obtained immediately before in DMF (1 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, water was then added thereto, and the insoluble matter was collected by filtration. The solid thus obtained was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH), and L-tartaric acid (34 mg) was added to a mixture of the purified product (87 mg) in a mixed solvent (3 ml) of MeCN and water at 9:1, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The insoluble matter was collected by filtration to obtain 1-carbamimidoyl-3-(3-{2-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]ethyl}benzyl)urea L-tartrate (78 mg).

Example 2

CDI (248 mg) was added to a mixture of {3-[4-(2,6-dimethylpyridin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-fluorophenyl}methanol (241 mg) and DMF (7 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. Guanidine carbonate (344 mg) was added to this mixture at room temperature, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The organic layer was evaporated under reduced pressure, water was added to the residue, and the generated solid was collected by filtration.

The obtained solid was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH). L-tartaric acid (99.3 mg) was added to a mixture of the purified product thus obtained (265 mg) and EtOH (10 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with EtOH, and then dried under reduced pressure at 50° C. to obtain 3-[4-(2,6-dimethylpyridin-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-fluorobenzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate (268 mg).

Example 3

1-[2-Fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]-4-(pyridin-3-yl)piperidin-4-ol (187 mg), DMF (5.5 ml), and CDI (201 mg) were mixed, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. Guanidine carbonate (279 mg) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. Water was added to the reaction mixture, followed by ice-cooling and stirring for 30 minutes, and the generated solid was collected by filtration, washed with water, and then dried at 50° C. under reduced pressure. The obtained solid was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain 2-fluoro-3-[4-hydroxy-4-(pyridin-3-yl)piperidin-1-yl]benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate (160 mg).

Example 23

CDI (110 mg) was added to a mixture of 1-{4-[({5-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}oxy)methyl]piperidin-1-yl}p ropan-1-one (124 mg) and DMF (3 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. Guanidine carbonate (220 mg) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The organic layer was evaporated under reduced pressure, water was added to the residue, and the generated solid was collected by filtration.

The obtained solid was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH). A 4M hydrogen chloride/dioxane solution (0.1 ml) was added to a mixture of the purified product thus obtained (135.1 mg) and EtOH (2 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour and concentrating under reduced pressure. The obtained solid was washed with ether and then collected by filtration to obtain 2-fluoro-3-{2-[(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)methoxy]pyrimidin-5-yl}benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate dihydrochloride (140 mg) as a colorless solid.

Example 112

CDI (225 mg) was added to a mixture of 1-(4-{5-[3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}piperazin-1-yl)-2-methoxyethanone (216 mg) and DMF (6 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. Then, guanidine carbonate (220 mg) was added to the mixture, followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. Water was added to the reaction mixture, followed by extraction with CHCl₃. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and evaporated under reduced pressure. A mixture obtained by dissolving L-tartaric acid (59 mg) in a mixed solvent (1 ml) of MeCN and water at 9:1 was added to a mixture of the obtained residue (166.9 mg) in a mixed solvent (4 ml) of MeCN and water at 9:1, followed by stirring at room temperature. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration to obtain 3-{2-[4-(methoxy acetyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyrimidin-5-yl}benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate L-tartrate (177 mg) as a colorless solid.

Example 316

A 4M hydrogen chloride/EtOH solution (1.5 ml) was added to a mixture of 2-fluoro-3-{4-[2-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl}benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate (285 mg) and EtOH (5 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature. The precipitated yellow solid was collected by filtration and washed with EtOH. The obtained solid was dried at 40° C. under reduced pressure to obtain 2-fluoro-3-{4-[2-(3-methoxyazetidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]piperazin-1-yl}benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate trihydrochloride (330 mg).

Example 317

Ethyl({1-[5-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)oxy]methyl}phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]piperi din-4-yl}oxy)acetate (45 mg) was mixed with ethanol, and L-tartaric acid (15 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and then diethyl ether was added thereto. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration to obtain ethyl ({1-[5-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)oxy]methyl}phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]piperidin-4-yl}oxy)acetate L-tartrate (28 mg).

Example 318

A 1M aqueous NaOH solution was added to a mixture of methyl 4-{4-[5-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)amino]methyl}phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-chlorobenzoate (208 mg), THF (2 ml), and EtOH (2 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was neutralized with 1M hydrochloric acid, and the precipitated solid was collected by filtration. A 4M hydrogen chloride/dioxane solution (1 ml) was added to a mixture of the obtained solid and dioxane (3 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The insoluble matter was collected by filtration to obtain 4-{4-[5-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)amino]methyl}phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-chlorobenzoic acid dihydrochloride (112 mg).

Example 319

Sodium hydride (50% suspended in mineral oil, 45 mg) was added to a mixture of {3-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]phenyl}methanol (230 mg) and DMF (6 ml) under ice-cooling. After stirring at the same temperature for 30 minutes, CDI (275 mg) was added thereto. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, and guanidine carbonate (460 mg) and DBU (388 mg) were then added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, water was added to the obtained residue, and the generated insoluble matter was collected by filtration. The obtained solid was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH). L-tartaric acid (23 mg) was added to a mixture of the purified product thus obtained (54 mg), MeCN, and water, followed by stirring at room temperature for 30 minutes. The generated insoluble matter was collected by filtration, and washed with MeCN to obtain 3-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate L-tartrate (66 mg).

Example 328

A 1M aqueous NaOH solution (1.14 ml) was added to a mixture of 5-[4-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)oxy]methyl}-2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyridine-2-carboxylate methyl ester (326 mg), THF (9 ml), and MeOH (3 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. 1M hydrochloric acid (1.14 ml) was added to the reaction mixture, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The generated solid was collected by filtration, washed with water, and then dried at 50° C. under reduced pressure to obtain 5-[4-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)oxy]methyl}-2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (293 mg).

Example 344

A 1M aqueous NaOH solution was added to a mixture of ethyl 4-{1-[5-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)oxy]methyl}-2-fluorophenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]piperi din-4-yl}butanoate (256 mg), THF (3.3 ml), and EtOH (3.3 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The insoluble matter was removed by filtration, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, and to the residue were then added water and 1M hydrochloric acid (1.052 ml) at 0° C., followed by stirring at 0° C. for 30 minutes. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water, and then dried at 50° C. under reduced pressure. To the reaction mixture was added MeCN (8 ml), and a mixture of L-tartaric acid (76.6 mg), MeCN (4 ml), and water (0.2 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with MeCN, and then dried at 50° C. under reduced pressure to obtain 4-{1-[5-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)oxy]methyl}-2-fluorophenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]piperi din-4-yl}butanoic acid L-tartrate (276 mg).

Example 345

To a mixture of 1-[5-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)oxy]methyl}-2-fluorophenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]piperidin-4-yl benzoic acid (252 mg) and MeOH was added a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (1 ml), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction mixture was added a 1M aqueous HCl solution (1 ml), and then the reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) as it was.

To the purified product thus obtained was added EtOH, and 4M hydrogen chloride/dioxane (1 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and then diethyl ether were added thereto. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration to obtain 2-fluoro-3-[2-(4-hydroxypiperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate dihydrochloride (110 mg).

Example 347

To a mixture of 1-(3-{2-[3-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]pyrimidin-5-yl}phenyl)methanamine (158 mg) and DMF (3 ml) was added CDI (110 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour.

The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, EtOAc and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were then added thereto, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure to obtain a reaction mixture. Guanidine hydrochloride and sodium hydride were suspended in DMF (2 ml), and a solution of the reaction mixture obtained immediately before in DMF (1 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, water was added thereto, and the insoluble matter was collected by filtration. The obtained solid was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH). To the purified product thus obtained (73 mg) was added a mixed solvent (3.3 ml) of MeCN and water at 9:1, and further, L-tartaric acid (29 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The insoluble matter was collected by filtration to obtain 1-carbamimidoyl-3-(3-{2-[3-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl]pyrimidin-5-yl}benzyl)urea L-tartrate (65 mg).

Example 397

Methyl 4-(4-{5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}piperazin-1-yl)-3-chlorobenzoate (207 mg) was mixed with DMF (5 ml), and CDI (154 mg) was added thereto at 0° C., followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and EtOAc and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with DMF (5 ml), and guanidine hydrochloride (50 mg) and DBU(204 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 70° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, water was then added thereto, and the insoluble matter was collected by filtration. The obtained solid was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain methyl 4-{4-[5-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)amino]methyl}phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-chlorobenzoate (208 mg).

Example 398

Ethyl 1-{5-[3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]pyrimidin-2-yl}piperidine-4-carboxylate (303 mg) was mixed with DMF (5 ml), and CDI (188 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and EtOAc and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. Guanidine hydrochloride (170 mg) and sodium hydride (55% suspended in oil) (77 mg) were suspended in DMF (2 ml), and a solution of the reaction mixture obtained immediately before in DMF (1 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, water was then added thereto, and the insoluble matter was collected by filtration. The obtained solid was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH) to obtain ethyl 1-[5-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)amino]methyl}phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]piperidine-4-ca rboxylate (74 mg).

Example 546

tert-Butyl [3-(2-chloropyrimidin-5-yl)benzyl]carbamate (16 mg) and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (0.2 ml) were mixed, and ethyl 4-aminopiperidine-1-carboxylate (8 mg) and sodium carbonate (20 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 90° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and then filtered, and the filtrate was purified by preparative liquid chromatography (MeOH/0.1% aqueous formic acid solution). To the purified product thus obtained were added MeOH (0.5 ml) and a 4M hydrogen chloride/EtOAc solution (0.5 ml), followed by shaking for 2 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and to the obtained residue were added DMF (0.2 ml) and CDI (4 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature for 2 hours. To the reaction mixture was added guanidine carbonate (9 mg), followed by stirring at 90° C. overnight. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the insoluble matter was then filtered. The filtrate was purified by preparative liquid chromatography (MeOH/0.1% aqueous formic acid solution) to obtain ethyl 4-{[5-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)amino]methyl}phenyl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amino}piperid ine-1-carboxylate (1.9 mg).

Example 567

4-{1-[3-({[tert-Butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}methyl)-2-fluorophenyl]azetidin-3-yl}piperidi ne (70 mg) and TEA (73 mg) were mixed with dichloromethane (2 ml), and acetyl chloride (22 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture were added CHCl₃ and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution, the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with THF (2 ml), and a 1M TBAF/THF solution (0.3 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. To the reaction mixture were added CHCl₃ and a saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution, and the organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with DMF, and CDI (65 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction mixture was added guanidine carbonate (140 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, water was added thereto, and the insoluble matter was collected by filtration. The obtained solid was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with EtOH (1 ml), and L-tartaric acid (16 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration to obtain 3-[3-(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)azetidin-1-yl]-2-fluorobenzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate L-tartrate (49 mg).

Example 568

3-[4-(6-tert-Butoxypyridin-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-fluorobenzylcarbamimidoylcarbamat e (132 mg) was dissolved in dichloromethane (3.4 ml), and TFA (508 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 4 hours. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, the residue was mixed with CHCl₃/MeOH, and basic silica gel was added thereto, followed by concentrating under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by basic silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with EtOH (5 ml), and L-tartaric acid (41.0 mg) were added thereto, followed by stirring at 80° C. for 1 hour, and then stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with EtOH, and then dried at 50° C. under reduced pressure to obtain 2-fluoro-3-[4-(6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)piperazin-1-yl]benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate L-tartrate (125 mg).

Example 588

Methyl 5-{4-[({1-[2-fluoro-3-(hydroxymethyl)phenyl]azetidin-3-yl}oxy)methyl]piperidin-1-yl}py ridine-2-carboxylate (69 mg), DMF (2 ml), and CDI (60 mg) were mixed, followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction mixture was added guanidine carbonate (120 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and water and CHCl₃ were added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH).

The purified product thus obtained was mixed with methanol (1 ml) and THF (2 ml), and a 1M aqueous NaOH solution (0.2 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. To the reaction mixture was added 1M hydrochloric acid (0.2 ml), followed by concentrating under reduced pressure. To the residue was added methanol, the insoluble matter was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue was added methanol, the insoluble matter was separated by filtration, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. To the residue were added a small amount of methanol and then diethyl ether. The precipitated solid was collected by filtration to obtain 5-[4-({[1-(3-{[(carbamimidoylcarbamoyl)oxy]methyl}-2-fluorophenyl)azetidin-3-yl]oxy}methyl)piperidin-1-yl]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid (23 mg).

Example 615

To a mixture of (3-{3-[(6-tert-butoxypyridin-3-yl)oxy]azetidin-1-yl}-2-fluorophenyl)methanol (120 mg) and DMF (2 ml) was added CDI (130 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature for 3 hours. To the reaction mixture was added guanidine carbonate (260 mg), followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, water and CHCl₃ were added thereto, and the organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. After concentrating under reduced pressure, the obtained residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (CHCl₃/MeOH). The purified product thus obtained was mixed with dichloromethane (2 ml), and TFA (0.5 ml) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature overnight. The reaction solution was concentrated under reduced pressure, and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and CHCl₃ were then added thereto. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄ and then concentrated under reduced pressure. The obtained residue was mixed with a mixed solution of MeCN and H₂O at 95:5, and L-tartaric acid (41 mg) was added thereto, followed by stirring at room temperature for 1 hour. The solid was collected by filtration to obtain 2-fluoro-3-({3-[(6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)oxy]azetidin-1-yl}benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate L-tartrate (118 mg).

Example 619

2-Fluoro-3-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate hydrochloride (54 mg), CHCl₃ (8 ml), and MeOH (3 ml) were mixed, and a saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution was added thereto, followed by stirring for 10 minutes. The organic layer was dried over Na₂SO₄, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure. The solid residue was washed with EtOAc and filtered to obtain a colorless solid.

The obtained solid was mixed with a mixed solvent of EtOH (0.54 ml) and water (0.54 ml), and a 1M aqueous phosphoric acid solution, followed by stirring for 1 hour. The solid was collected by filtration, and washed with a mixture (1:1) of EtOH and water. The obtained solid was dried at 50° C. under reduced pressure to obtain 2-fluoro-3-[2-(morpholin-4-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate phosphate (45 mg) as a colorless solid.

The compounds of Examples shown in the tables below were prepared using the respective corresponding starting materials in the same manner as the methods of Examples above. The structures, the preparation methods, and the physicochemical data for the compounds of Examples are shown in the tables below.

TABLE 83 Ex Syn Structure  1  1

 2  2

 3  3

 4 23

 5 23

 6 23

 7 23

 8 23

 9 23

10 23

11 23

12 23

13 23

14 23

15 23

16 23

17 23

18 23

TABLE 84 Ex Syn Structure 19 23

20 23

21 23

22 23

23 23

24 23

25 23

26 23

27 23

28 23

29 23

30 23

31 23

32 23

33 23

34 23

35 23

36 23

TABLE 85 Ex Syn Structure 37 23

38 23

39 23

40 23

41 23

42 23

43 23

44 23

45 23

46 23

47 23

48 23

49 23

50 23

51 23

52 23

53 23

54 23

TABLE 86 Ex Syn Structure 55 23

56 23

57 23

58 23

59 23

60 23

61 23

62 23

63 23

64 23

65 23

66 23

67 23

68 23

69 23

70 23

71 23

72 23

TABLE 87 Ex Syn Structure 73 23

74 23

75 23

76 23

77 23

78 23

79 23

80 23

81 23

82 23

83 23

84 23

85 23

86 23

87 23

88 23

89 23

90 23

TABLE 88 Ex Syn Structure 91 23

92 23

93 23

94 23

95 23

96 23

97 23

98 23

99 112

100 112

101 112

102 112

103 112

104 112

105 112

106 112

107 112

108 112

TABLE 89 Ex Syn Structure 109 112

110 112

111 112

112 112

113 112

114 112

115 112

116 112

117 112

118 112

119 112

120 112

121 112

122 112

123 112

124 112

TABLE 90 Ex Syn Structure 125 112

126 112

127 112

128 112

129 112

130 112

131 112

132 112

133 112

134 112

135 112

136 112

137 112

138 112

139 112

140 112

141 112

142 112

TABLE 91 Ex Syn Structure 143 112

144 112

145 112

146 112

147 112

148 112

149 112

150 112

151 112

152 112

153 112

154 112

155 112

156 112

157 112

158 112

159 112

160 112

TABLE 92 Ex Syn Structure 161 112

162 112

163 112

164 112

165 112

166 112

167 112

168 112

169 112

170 112

171 112

172 112

173 112

174 112

175 112

176 112

177 112

178 112

TABLE 93 Ex Syn Structure 179 112

180 112

181 112

182 112

183 112

184 112

185 112

186 112

187 112

188 112

189 112

190 112

191 112

192 112

193 112

194 112

TABLE 94 Ex Syn Structure 195 112

196 112

197 112

198 112

199 112

200 112

201 112

202 112

203 112

204 112

205 112

206 112

207 112

208 112

209 112

210 112

211 112

212 112

TABLE 95 Ex Syn Structure 213 112

214 112

215 112

216 112

217 112

218 112

219 112

220 112

221 112

222 112

223 112

224 112

225 112

226 112

227 112

228 112

229 112

230 112

TABLE 96 Ex Syn Structure 231 112

232 112

233 112

234 112

235 112

236 112

237 112

238 112

239 112

240 112

241 112

242 112

243 112

244 112

245 112

246 112

247 112

248 112

TABLE 97 Ex Syn Structure 249 112

250 112

251 112

252 112

253 112

254 112

255 112

256 112

257 112

258 112

259 112

260 112

261 112

262 112

263 112

264 112

265 112

266 112

TABLE 98 Ex Syn Structure 267 112

268 112

269 112

270 112

271 112

272 112

273 112

274 112

275 112

276 112

277 112

278 112

279 112

280 112

281 112

282 112

283 112

284 112

TABLE 99 Ex Syn Structure 285 112

286 112

287 112

288 112

289 112

290 112

291 112

292 112

293 112

294 112

295 112

296 112

297 112

298 112

299 112

300 112

TABLE 100 Ex Syn Structure 301 112

302 112

303 112

304 112

305 112

306 112

307 112

308 112

309 112

310 112

311 112

312 112

313 112

314 112

315 112

316 316

TABLE 101 Ex Syn Structure 317 317

318 318

319 319

320 319

321 319

322 319

323 319

324 319

325 328

326 328

327 328

328 328

329 318

330 318

331 318

332 318

TABLE 102 Ex Syn Structure 333 318

334 318

335 318

336 318

337 318

338 318

339 318

340 344

341 344

342 318

343 344

344 344

345 345

346 347

347 347

348 347

349 347

350 347

TABLE 103 Ex Syn Structure 351 347

352 347

353 347

354 347

355 347

356 347

357 347

358 347

359 347

360 347

361 347

362 347

363 347

364 347

365 347

366 347

TABLE 104 Ex Syn Structure 367 347

368 347

369 347

370 347

371 347

372 318

373 23

374 112

375 3

376 3

377 3

378 3

379 3

380 3

381 3

382 3

383 3

384 3

TABLE 105 Ex Syn Structure 385 3

386 3

387 3

388 3

389 3

390 3

391 3

392 3

393 3

394 3

395 3

396 3

397 397

398 398

399 546

400 546

TABLE 106 Ex Syn Structure 401 546

402 546

403 546

404 546

405 546

406 546

407 546

408 546

409 546

410 546

411 546

412 546

413 546

414 546

TABLE 107 Ex Syn Structure 415 546

416 546

417 546

418 546

419 546

420 546

421 546

422 546

423 546

424 546

425 546

426 546

TABLE 108 Ex Syn Structure 427 546

428 546

429 546

430 546

431 546

432 546

433 546

434 546

435 546

436 546

437 546

438 546

TABLE 109 Ex Syn Structure 439 546

440 546

441 546

442 546

443 546

444 546

445 546

446 546

447 546

448 546

449 546

450 546

TABLE 110 Ex Syn Structure 451 546

452 546

453 546

454 546

455 546

456 546

457 546

458 546

459 546

460 546

461 546

462 546

TABLE 111 Ex Syn Structure 463 546

464 546

465 546

466 546

467 546

468 546

469 546

470 546

471 546

472 546

473 546

474 546

TABLE 112 Ex Syn Structure 475 546

476 546

477 546

478 546

479 546

480 546

481 546

482 546

483 546

484 546

TABLE 113 Ex Syn Structure 485 546

486 546

487 546

488 546

489 546

490 546

491 546

492 546

493 546

494 546

TABLE 114 Ex Syn Structure 495 546

496 546

497 546

498 546

499 546

500 546

501 546

502 546

503 546

504 546

505 546

506 546

TABLE 115 Ex Syn Structure 507 546

508 546

509 546

510 546

511 546

512 546

513 546

514 546

515 546

516 546

517 546

518 546

519 546

520 546

TABLE 116 Ex Syn Structure 521 546

522 546

523 546

524 546

525 546

526 546

527 546

528 546

529 546

530 546

531 546

532 546

TABLE 117 Ex Syn Structure 533 546

534 546

535 546

536 546

537 546

538 546

539 546

540 546

541 546

542 546

TABLE 118 Ex Syn Structure 543 546

544 546

545 546

546 546

547 546

548 546

549 546

550 546

551 112

552 112

TABLE 119 Ex Syn Structure 553 112

554 112

555 112

556 112

557 112

558 112

559 567

560 112

561 112

562 112

563 112

564 112

565 112

566 112

567 567

TABLE 120 Ex Data 1 ESI+: 384 2 ESI+: 401 3 ESI+: 388 4 ESI+: 417 5 ESI+: 418 6 ESI+: 426 7 ESI+: 430 8 ESI+: 443 9 ESI+: 431 10 ESI+: 487 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.37-1.50 (2H, m), 1.83-1.94 (2H, m), 3.21-3.50 (14H, m), 4.06-4.18 (2H, m), 5.29 (2H, s), 7.08-7.22 (3H, m), 8.49 (2H, s) 11 ESI+: 445 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.06-1.34 (2H, m), 1.71-1.85 (2H, m), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.01-2.14 (1H, m), 2.50-2.60 (1H, m), 3.00-3.11 (1H, m), 3.80- 3.90 (1H, m), 4.25 (2H, d, J = 6.4 Hz), 4.36-4.46 (1H, m), 5.37 (2H, s), 7.39 (1H, t, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.55-7.63 (1H, m), 7.64-7.72 (1H, m), 8.78-8.83 (2H, m) 12 ESI+: 475 13 ESI+: 390 14 ESI+: 390 15 ESI+: 440 16 ESI+: 430 17 ESI+: 430 18 ESI+: 430 19 ESI+: 401 20 ESI+: 401 21 ESI+: 401 22 ESI+: 507 23 ESI+: 459 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 0.99 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.03-1.32 (2H, m), 1.71- 1.87 (2H, m), 2.00-2.13 (1H, m), 2.32 (2H, q, J = 7.4 Hz), 2.50- 2.62 (1H, m), 2.96-3.08 (1H, m), 3.84-3.95 (1H, m), 4.24 (2H, d, J = 6.25 Hz), 4.38-4.48 (1H, m), 5.37 (2H, s), 7.39 (1H, t, J = 7.7 Hz), 7.55-7.62 (1H, m), 7.64-7.71 (1H, m), 8.77-8.83 (2H, m) 24 ESI+: 473

TABLE 121 Ex Data 25 ESI+: 503 26 ESI+: 489 27 ESI+: 489 28 ESI+: 508 29 ESI+: 508 30 ESI+: 508 31 ESI+: 474 32 ESI+: 461 33 ESI+: 507 34 ESI+: 481 35 ESI+: 495 36 ESI+: 474 37 ESI+: 502 38 ESI+: 486 39 ESI+: 488 40 ESI+: 488 41 ESI+: 362 42 ESI+: 362 43 ESI+: 354 44 ESI+: 441 45 ESI+: 369 46 ESI+: 416 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 2.06 (3H, s), 3.54-3.56 (4H, m), 3.77-3.86 (4H, m), 5.35 (2H, s), 7.33-7.37 (1H, m), 7.49-7.54 (1H, m), 7.60-7.64 (1H, m), 8.61 (2H, s) 47 ESI+: 404 48 ESI+: 416 49 ESI+: 412 50 ESI+: 355 51 ESI+: 355 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.36-3.38 (4H, m), 3.59-3.62 (4H, m), 5.20 (2H, s), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.06-7.08 (1H, m), 7.13 (1H, s), 7.28- 7.32 (1H, m), 7.87 (1H, dd, J = 9.0, 5.4 Hz), 8.15-8.18 (1H, m), 8.22 (1H, d, J = 5.3 Hz), 8.53 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz)

TABLE 122 Ex Data 52 ESI+: 372 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.88-2.01 (4H, m), 2.83-2.89 (2H, m), 3.04-3.12 (1H, m), 3.49-3.52 (2H, m), 5.28 (2H, s), 7.08-7.12 (1H, m), 7.16-7.18 (2H, m), 8.08-8.09 (2H, m), 8.87-8.88 (2H, m) 53 ESI+: 373 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.17-3.19 (4H, m), 3.85-3.88 (4H, m), 5.29 (2H, s), 7.11-7.20 (3H, m), 7.27-7.28 (2H, m), 8.27-8.30 (2H, m) 54 ESI+: 459 55 ESI+: 416 56 ESI+: 430 57 ESI+: 402 58 ESI+: 372 59 ESI+: 449 60 ESI+: 391, 393 61 ESI+: 397 62 ESI+: 421 63 ESI+: 375 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.27 (3H, s), 3.89-3.95 (2H, m), 4.27-4.39 (3H, m), 5.35 (2H, s), 7.31-7.38 (1H, m), 7.48-7.55 (1H, m), 7.57-7.64 (1H, m), 8.53-8.58 (2H, m) 64 ESI+: 403 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.17 (3H, s), 1.41-1.60 (4H, m), 3.41-3.54 (2H, m), 4.20-4.29 (2H, m), 5.35 (2H, s), 7.31-7.37 (1H, m), 7.46-7.54 (1H, m), 7.57-7.64 (1H, m), 8.53-8.58 (2H, m) 65 ESI+: 389 66 ESI+: 403 67 ESI+: 403 68 ESI+: 445 69 ESI+: 493 70 ESI+: 494 71 ESI+: 473 72 ESI+: 499 73 ESI+: 487

TABLE 123 Ex Data 74 ESI+: 471 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 0.61-0.78 (4H, m), 1.00-1.35 (2H, m), 1.66-1.91 (2H, m), 1.92-2.02 (1H, m), 2.02-2.17 (1H, m), 2.53-2.69 (1H, m), 3.00-3.21 (1H, m), 4.15-4.48 (4H, m), 5.37 (2H, s), 7.33- 7.43 (1H, m), 7.52-7.63 (1H, m), 7.63-7.72 (1H, m), 8.74- 8.84 (2H, m) 75 ESI+: 483 76 ESI+: 490 77 ESI+: 464 78 ESI+: 478 79 ESI+: 417 80 ESI+: 427 81 ESI+: 375 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.67-3.71 (4H, m), 3.74-3.78 (4H, m), 5.35 (2H, s), 7.34 (1H, dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz), 7.49-7.53 (1H, m), 7.59-7.63 (1H, m), 8.59-8.60 (2H, m) 82 ESI+: 375 83 ESI+: 361 84 ESI+: 509 85 ESI+: 510 86 ESI+: 362 87 ESI+: 402 88 ESI+: 403 89 ESI+: 419 90 ESI+: 402 91 ESI+: 473 92 ESI+: 428 93 ESI+: 458 94 ESI+: 396 95 ESI+: 387 96 ESI+: 374 97 ESI+: 387 98 ESI+: 387 99 ESI+: 465 100 ESI+: 419 101 ESI+: 457

TABLE 124 Ex Data 102 ESI+: 441 103 ESI+: 432 104 ESI+: 426 105 ESI+: 444 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.09-1.18 (1H, m), 1.22-1.32 (1H, m), 1.78 (2H, t, J = 16 Hz), 2.00 (3H, s), 2.01-2.11 (1H, m), 2.52-2.59 (1H, m), 3.00-3.09 (1H, m), 3.85 (1H, d, J = 14 Hz), 4.09 (2H, s), 4.24 (2H, d, J = 6 Hz), 4.40-4.42 (3H, m), 7.31 (1H, t, J = 7 Hz), 7.41 (1H, t, J = 7 Hz), 7.52 (1H, t, J = 7 Hz), 8.78-8.79 (2H, m) 106 ESI+: 470 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 0.62-0.75 (4H, m), 1.08-1.34 (2H, m), 1.72-1.89 (2H, m), 1.93-2.01 (1H, m), 2.05-2.15 (1H, m), 2.55-2.66 (1H, m), 3.05-3.17 (1H, m), 4.09 (2H, s), 4.20-4.45 (6H, m), 7.31 (1H, t, J = 7 Hz), 7.41 (1H, t, J = 7 Hz), 7.52 (1H, t, J = 7 Hz), 8.78-8.79 (2H, m) 107 ESI+: 413 108 ESI+: 415 109 ESI+: 459 110 ESI+: 487 111 ESI+: 458 112 FAB+: 428 113 ESI+: 503 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.10-3.19 (8H, m), 3.25 (3H, s), 3.42-3.55 (4H, m), 3.73-3.80 (2H, m), 4.12-4.21 (3H, m), 4.35-4.43 (1H, m), 5.04 (2H, s), 6.98-7.15 (3H, m), 8.25 (2H, s) 114 ESI+: 459 115 ESI+: 446 116 ESI+: 443 117 ESI+: 487 118 ESI+: 461 119 ESI+: 461 120 ESI+: 458 121 ESI+: 479 122 ESI+: 473 123 ESI+: 500 124 ESI+: 441

TABLE 125 Ex Data 125 ESI+: 447 126 ESI+: 404 127 ESI+: 368 128 ESI+: 382 129 ESI+: 408 130 ESI+: 338 131 ESI+: 297 132 ESI+: 474 133 ESI+: 404 134 ESI+: 366 135 ESI+: 394 136 ESI+: 334 137 ESI+: 449 138 ESI+: 436 139 ESI+: 411 140 ESI+: 431 141 ESI+: 433 142 ESI+: 450 143 ESI+: 464 144 ESI+: 450 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.11 (3H, t, J = 7 Hz), 1.31-1.51 (4H, m), 1.59-1.73 (2H, m), 1.77-1.88 (2H, m), 2.59-2.70 (1H, m), 2.88- 3.04 (4H, m), 3.39 (2H, q, J = 7 Hz), 3.47-3.53 (1H, m), 3.55-3.70 (4H, m), 4.21 (2H, s), 5.05 (2H, s), 6.97-7.05 (2H, m), 7.05-7.13 (1H, m) 145 ESI+: 464 146 ESI+: 297 147 ESI+: 341 148 ESI+: 422 149 ESI+: 352 150 ESI+: 414 151 ESI+: 400 152 ESI+: 436 153 ESI+: 436 154 ESI+: 489

TABLE 126 Ex Data 155 ESI+: 487 156 ESI+: 374 157 ESI+: 388 158 ESI+: 400 159 ESI+: 402 160 ESI+: 402 161 ESI+: 442 162 ESI+: 421 163 ESI+: 449 164 ESI+: 403 165 ESI+: 431 166 ESI+: 443 167 ESI+: 529 168 ESI+: 555 169 ESI+: 445 170 ESI+: 458 171 ESI+: 466 172 ESI+: 493 173 ESI+: 371 174 ESI+: 362 175 ESI+: 358 176 ESI+: 371 177 ESI+: 385 178 ESI+: 359 179 ESI+: 341 180 ESI+: 431 181 ESI+: 405 182 ESI+: 458 183 ESI+: 458 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.76-1.92 (4H, m), 2.66-2.78 (2H, m), 2.87-2.98 (1H, m), 3.24 (3H, s), 3.50-3.60 (2H, m), 3.72-3.80 (2H, m), 4.10-4.18 (2H, m), 4.24 (1H, s), 4.25-4.31 (1H, m), 5.10 (2H, s), 7.13-7.21 (1H, m), 7.25-7.32 (1H, m), 7.32-7.40 (1H, m), 8.22 (2H, s) 184 ESI+: 458

TABLE 127 Ex Data 185 ESI+: 458 186 ESI+: 374 187 ESI+: 374 188 ESI+: 474 189 ESI+: 474 190 ESI+: 474 191 ESI+: 380 192 ESI+: 473 193 ESI+: 473 194 ESI+: 420 195 ESI+: 483 196 ESI+: 483 197 ESI+: 364 198 ESI+: 320 199 ESI+: 390 200 ESI+: 431 201 ESI+: 363 202 ESI+: 461 203 ESI+: 460 204 ESI+: 325 205 ESI+: 408 206 ESI+: 406 207 ESI+: 490 208 ESI+: 422 209 ESI+: 420 210 ESI+: 383 211 ESI+: 403 212 ESI+: 453 213 ESI+: 467 214 ESI+: 433 215 ESI+: 447 216 ESI+: 448 217 ESI+: 450

TABLE 128 Ex Data 218 ESI+: 450 219 ESI+: 409 220 ESI+: 436 221 ESI+: 409 222 ESI+: 422 223 ESI+: 381 224 ESI+: 407 225 ESI+: 408 226 ESI+: 458 227 ESI+: 478 228 ESI+: 422 229 ESI+: 462 230 ESI+: 388 231 ESI+: 388 232 ESI+: 360 233 ESI+: 374 234 ESI+: 374 235 ESI+: 402 236 ESI+: 416 237 ESI+: 374 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 2.39 (3H, s), 3.84-3.92 (2H, m), 4.21 (1H, s), 4.40-4.48 (2H, m), 5.03 (2H, s), 5.12-5.21 (1H, m), 6.56-6.64 (1H, m), 6.75-6.82 (1H, m), 6.98-7.04 (1H, m), 7.13-7.22 (2H, m), 8.02-8.08 (1H, m) 238 ESI+: 388 239 ESI+: 445 240 ESI+: 514 241 ESI+: 460 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 2.63 (2H, t, J = 6.7 Hz), 3.24 (3H, s), 3.57-3.60 (6H, m), 3.76-3.85 (4H, m), 5.14 (2H, s), 7.29 (1H, t, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.41-7.45 (1H, m), 7.50-7.55 (1H, m), 8.59-8.60 (2H, m) 242 ESI+: 460 243 ESI+: 390

TABLE 129 Ex Data 244 ESI+: 374 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.67-3.70 (4H, m), 3.74-3.78 (4H, m), 4.40 (2H, d, J = 5.7 Hz), 7.26 (1H, t, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.31- 7.35 (1H, m), 7.44-7.48 (1H, m), 7.58-7.59 (2H, m) 245 ESI+: 382 246 ESI+: 362 247 ESI+: 375 248 ESI+: 402 249 ESI+: 393 250 ESI+: 458 251 ESI+: 389 252 ESI+: 405 253 ESI+: 418 254 ESI+: 492 255 ESI+: 459 256 ESI+: 464 257 ESI+: 459 258 ESI+: 423 259 ESI+: 423 260 ESI+: 486 261 ESI+: 486 262 ESI+: 458 263 ESI+: 488 264 ESI+: 487 265 ESI+: 487 266 ESI+: 474 267 ESI+: 496 268 ESI+: 429 269 ESI+: 455 270 ESI+: 410 271 ESI+: 412 272 ESI+: 422 273 ESI+: 422 274 ESI+: 436 275 ESI+: 394

TABLE 130 Ex Data 276 ESI+: 431 277 ESI+: 431 278 ESI+: 450 279 ESI+: 476 280 ESI+: 410 281 ESI+: 436 282 ESI+: 461 283 ESI+: 422 284 ESI+: 396 285 ESI+: 422 286 ESI+: 382 287 ESI+: 473 288 ESI+: 381 289 ESI+: 408 290 ESI+: 428 291 ESI+: 394 292 ESI+: 408 293 ESI+: 373 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.15-3.17 (4H, m), 3.35-3.37 (4H, m), 5.07 (2H, s), 7.01-7.14 (3H, m), 7.24 (1H, dd, J = 4.6, 8.4 Hz), 7.37-7.40 (1H, m), 8.03 (1H, dd, J = 1.3, 4.6 Hz), 8.36 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz) 294 ESI+: 373 295 ESI+: 387 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 2.38 (3H, s), 3.09-3.14 (4H, m), 3.52-3.57 (4H, m), 5.01 (2H, s), 6.80-6.85 (1H, m), 6.86-6.88 (1H, m), 7.00-7.05 (2H, m), 7.08-7.13 (1H, m), 8.10 (1H, d, J = 6.1 Hz) 296 ESI+: 387 297 ESI+: 527 298 ESI+: 435 299 ESI+: 387 300 ESI+: 387 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 2.37 (3H, s), 3.14-3.17 (4H, m), 3.28-3.30 (4H, m), 5.06 (2H, s), 7.01-7.14 (4H, m), 7.31 (1H, dd, J = 3.0, 8.5 Hz), 8.21 (1H, d, J = 2.9 Hz) 301 ESI+: 379 302 ESI+: 387

TABLE 131 Ex Data 303 ESI+: 430 304 ESI+: 387 305 ESI+: 374 306 ESI+: 401 307 ESI+: 398 308 ESI+: 400 309 ESI+: 370 310 ESI+: 384 311 ESI+: 372 312 ESI+: 386 313 ESI+: 388 314 ESI+: 374 315 ESI+: 473 316 ESI+: 459 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.20-3.29 (8H, m), 3.30-3.39 (3H, m), 3.88-3.98 (2H, m), 4.28-4.37 (3H, m), 5.29 (2H, s), 7.09-7.22 (3H, m), 8.48 (2H, s) 317 ESI+: 457 318 ESI+: 509 319 ESI+: 357 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.67-3.70 (4H, m), 3.74-3.77 (4H, m), 5.09 (2H, s), 7.33 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.44 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz), 7.58 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.62 (1H, s), 8.71 (2H, s) 320 ESI+: 355 321 ESI+: 370 322 ESI+: 356 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.64-3.71 (4H, m), 3.72-3.78 (4H, m), 4.02 (1H, s), 4.27-4.38 (2H, m), 7.21-7.29 (1H, m), 7.35-7.43 (1H, m), 7.46-7.57 (2H, m), 8.70 (2H, s) 323 ESI+: 354 324 FAB+: 446 325 ESI+: 500 326 FAB+: 529 327 ESI+: 417 328 ESI+: 417 329 ESI+: 489

TABLE 132 Ex Data 330 ESI+: 412 331 ESI+: 444 332 ESI+: 398 333 ESI+: 443 334 ESI+: 447 335 ESI+: 522 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 2.51-2.59 (2H, m), 2.77-2.86 (2H, m), 3.42-3.60 (8H, m), 7.30-7.40 (3H, m), 7.50-7.60 (3H, m), 7.61-7.68 (1H, m), 8.65-8.70 (2H, m) 336 ESI+: 489 337 ESI+: 490 338 ESI+: 431 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.09-1.20 (2H, m), 1.75-1.78 (2H, m), 1.93-2.04 (1H, m), 2.20 (2H, d, J = 6.9 Hz), 2.92-2.99 (2H, m), 4.67-4.72 (2H, m), 4.84 and 5.35 (2H, s and s), 7.28-7.35 (1H, m), 7.48-7.62 (2H, m), 8.55-8.56 (2H, m) 339 ESI+: 446 340 ESI+: 422 341 ESI+: 422 342 ESI+: 489 343 ESI+: 433 344 ESI+: 459 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.00-1.11 (2H, m), 1.21-1.26 (2H, m), 1.51-1.59 (3H, m), 1.72-1.76 (2H, m), 2.21 (2H, t, J = 7.3 Hz), 2.87-2.94 (2H, m), 4.68-4.73 (2H, m), 5.11 (2H, s), 7.27 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz), 7.38-7.42 (1H, m), 7.48-7.52 (1H, m), 8.53-8.54 (2H, m) 345 ESI+: 389 346 ESI+: 385 347 ESI+: 384 348 ESI+: 340 349 ESI+: 439 350 ESI+: 389 351 ESI+: 432 352 FAB+: 439 353 ESI+: 384

TABLE 133 Ex Data 354 ESI+: 359 355 ESI+: 385 356 ESI+: 399 357 ESI+: 413 358 ESI+: 433 359 ESI+: 377 360 ESI+: 377 361 ESI+: 359 362 ESI+: 373 363 ESI+: 371 364 ESI+: 333 365 ESI+: 403 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.37-1.52 (2H, m), 1.85-1.97 (2H, m), 3.29 (3H, s), 3.40-3.52 (3H, m), 4.16-4.27 (3H, m), 5.11 (2H, s), 7.23-7.32 (1H, m), 7.36-7.43 (1H, m), 7.46-7.54 (1H, m), 8.52-8.57 (2H, m) 366 ESI+: 373 367 ESI+: 391 368 ESI+: 458 369 ESI+: 391 370 ESI+: 389 371 ESI+: 375 372 ESI+: 489 373 ESI+: 355 374 ESI+: 375 375 ESI+: 528 376 ESI+: 557 377 APCI/ESI+: 459 378 APCI/ESI+: 526 379 APCI/ESI+: 526 380 APCI/ESI+: 517 381 ESI+: 579 382 ESI+: 517 383 ESI+: 517 384 ESI+: 580

TABLE 134 Ex Data 385 ESI+: 459 386 ESI+: 474 387 ESI+: 461 388 ESI+: 487 389 ESI+: 431 390 ESI+: 431 391 ESI+: 472 392 APCI/ESI+: 457 393 APCI/ESI+: 471 394 APCI/ESI+: 475 395 APCI/ESI+: 550 396 ESI+: 493 397 ESI+: 523, 525 398 ESI+: 426 399 ESI+: 330 400 ESI+: 342 401 ESI+: 343 402 ESI+: 344 403 ESI+: 344 404 ESI+: 356 405 ESI+: 356 406 ESI+: 356 407 ESI+: 357 408 ESI+: 357 409 ESI+: 358 410 ESI+: 369 411 ESI+: 370 412 ESI+: 370 413 ESI+: 370 414 ESI+: 370 415 ESI+: 370 416 ESI+: 370 417 ESI+: 371

TABLE 135 Ex Data 418 ESI+: 371 419 ESI+: 371 420 ESI+: 371 421 ESI+: 372 422 ESI+: 372 423 ESI+: 372 424 ESI+: 374 425 ESI+: 376 426 ESI+: 383 427 ESI+: 383 428 ESI+: 383 429 ESI+: 383 430 ESI+: 383 431 ESI+: 384 432 ESI+: 384 433 ESI+: 384 434 ESI+: 384 435 ESI+: 384 436 ESI+: 384 437 ESI+: 384 438 ESI+: 384 439 ESI+: 384 440 ESI+: 385 441 ESI+: 385 442 ESI+: 386 443 ESI+: 386 444 ESI+: 386 445 ESI+: 386 446 ESI+: 386 447 ESI+: 388 448 ESI+: 392 449 ESI+: 393 450 ESI+: 397

TABLE 136 Ex Data 451 ESI+: 397 452 ESI+: 397 453 ESI+: 397 454 ESI+: 397 455 ESI+: 397 456 ESI+: 398 457 ESI+: 398 458 ESI+: 398 459 ESI+: 398 460 ESI+: 398 461 ESI+: 398 462 ESI+: 398 463 ESI+: 398 464 ESI+: 398 465 ESI+: 398 466 ESI+: 399 467 ESI+: 399 468 ESI+: 399 469 ESI+: 399 470 ESI+: 399 471 ESI+: 399 472 ESI+: 406 473 ESI+: 407 474 ESI+: 411 475 ESI+: 392 476 ESI+: 406 477 ESI+: 406 478 ESI+: 419 479 ESI+: 419 480 ESI+: 419 481 ESI+: 433 482 ESI+: 447 483 ESI+: 455

TABLE 137 Ex Data 484 ESI+: 406 485 ESI+: 433 486 ESI+: 447 487 ESI+: 454 488 ESI+: 461 489 ESI+: 469 490 ESI+: 475 491 ESI+: 505 492 ESI+: 505 493 ESI+: 505 494 ESI+: 420 495 ESI+: 433 496 ESI+: 466 497 ESI+: 433 498 ESI+: 377 499 ESI+: 422 500 ESI+: 416 501 ESI+: 416 502 ESI+: 417 503 ESI+: 430 504 ESI+: 427 505 ESI+: 428 506 ESI+: 444 507 ESI+: 380 508 ESI+: 397 509 ESI+: 391 510 ESI+: 392 511 ESI+: 430 512 ESI+: 430 513 ESI+: 393 514 ESI+: 482 515 ESI+: 447 516 ESI+: 417

TABLE 138 Ex Data 517 ESI+: 417 518 ESI+: 417 519 ESI+: 475 520 ESI+: 480 521 ESI+: 431 522 ESI+: 475 523 ESI+: 475 524 ESI+: 475 525 ESI+: 486 526 ESI+: 449 527 ESI+: 487 528 ESI+: 460 529 ESI+: 495 530 ESI+: 411 531 ESI+: 411 532 ESI+: 413 533 ESI+: 415 534 ESI+: 418 535 ESI+: 418 536 ESI+: 421 537 ESI+: 423 538 ESI+: 426 539 ESI+: 427 540 ESI+: 433 541 ESI+: 435 542 ESI+: 438 543 ESI+: 439 544 ESI+: 441 545 ESI+: 441 546 ESI+: 441 547 ESI+: 441 548 ESI+: 447 549 ESI+: 453 550 ESI+: 461

TABLE 139 Ex Data 551 ESI+: 422 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.02 (3H, t, J = 7.4 Hz), 1.27-1.50 (2H, m), 1.77-1.93 (2H, m), 2.35 (2H, q, J = 7.4 Hz), 3.03 (1H, t, J = 9.9 Hz), 3.19 (1H, t, J = 9.9 Hz), 3.57-3.80 (4H, m), 3.91-4.04 (1H, m), 4.19-4.27 (3H, m), 4.54-4.63 (1H, m), 5.05 (2H, s), 6.57 (1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.79 (1H, t, J = 6.4 Hz), 7.03 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz). 552 ESI+: 374 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 2.40 (3H, s), 3.82-3.89 (2H, m), 4.21 (2H, s), 4.37-4.44 (2H, m), 5.03 (2H, s), 5.13-5.20 (1H, m), 6.55-6.61 (1H, m), 6.74-6.81 (1H, m), 7.01 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.17-7.27 (2H, m), 8.12 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz). 553 ESI+: 404 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.28 (3H, s), 3.84-3.91 (2H, m), 4.21 (2H, s), 4.38-4.45 (4H, m), 5.02 (2H, s), 5.18-5.24 (1H, m), 6.55-6.62 (1H, m), 6.75-6.80 (1H, m), 7.01 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.34-7.37 (2H, m), 8.19-8.22 (1H, m). 554 ESI+: 417 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.13-3.20 (4H, m), 3.31 (3H, s), 3.32-3.39 (4H, m), 4.21 (2H, s), 4.39 (2H, s), 5.07 (2H, s), 7.00-7.15 (3H, m), 7.26 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.37-7.42 (1H, m), 8.29 (1H, d, J = 2.8 Hz). 555 ESI+: 402 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 2.41 (6H, s), 3.72-3.78 (2H, m), 4.12-4.19 (2H, m), 4.20 (2H, s), 4.45 (2H, s), 4.46-4.51 (1H, m), 5.01 (2H, s), 6.50-6.56 (1H, m), 6.71-6.77 (1H, m), 6.95-7.02 (3H, m). 556 ESI+: 412 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.12-3.20 (4H, m), 3.37-3.45 (4H, m), 4.06 (1H, s), 5.03 (2H, s), 6.77 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 6.94-7.14 (4H, m), 7.42 (1H, d, J = 1.4 Hz), 7.69 (1H, d, J = 0.8 Hz), 8.37 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz). 557 ESI+: 390 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.39 (3H, s), 3.79-3.86 (2H, m), 4.20 (2H, s), 4.29-4.37 (2H, m), 4.87-4.94 (1H, m), 5.02 (2H, s), 6.35-6.40 (1H, m), 6.57 (1H, t, J = 8.0 Hz), 6.77 (1H, t, J = 6.4 Hz), 7.01 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz), 7.29-7.35 (2H, m). 558 ESI+: 417 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.13-3.19 (4H, m), 3.30 (3H, s), 3.33-3.40 (4H, m), 4.21 (2H, s), 4.41 (2H, s), 5.08 (2H, s), 7.01-7.15 (3H, m), 7.31 (1H, s), 7.99 (1H, d, J = 1.4 Hz), 8.29 (1H, d, J = 2.7 Hz).

TABLE 140 Ex Data 559 ESI+: 392 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 0.81-1.09 (2H, m), 1.59-1.75 (3H, m), 1.98 (3H, s), 2.39-2.52 (2H, m), 2.93-3.03 (1H, m), 3.58-3.65 (2H, m), 3.77-3.85 (1H, m), 3.93-4.01 (2H, m), 4.21 (2H, s), 4.34-4.42 (1H, m), 5.01 (2H, s), 6.46-6.52 (1H, m), 6.69-6.74 (1H, m), 6.97 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz). 560 ESI+: 406 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 0.82-1.04 (5H, m), 1.59-1.78 (3H, m), 2.29 (2H, q, J = 7.4 Hz), 2.37-2.49 (2H, m), 2.89-2.99 (1H, m), 3.57-3.65 (2H, m), 3.79-3.89 (1H, m), 3.93-4.00 (2H, m), 4.18 (1H, s), 4.34-4.43 (1H, m), 4.98 (2H, s), 6.44-6.52 (1H, m), 6.67-6.74 (1H, m), 6.97 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz). 561 ESI+: 418 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 0.63-0.75 (4H, m), 0.83-1.07 (2H, m), 1.56-1.80 (3H, m), 1.89-2.00 (1H, m), 2.38-2.59 (2H, m), 2.99-3.11 (1H, m), 3.57-3.65 (2H, m), 3.92-4.01 (2H, m), 4.18 (1H, s), 4.19-4.22 (2H, m), 4.98 (2H, s), 6.44-6.52 (1H, m), 6.67-6.73 (1H, m), 6.97 (1H, t, J = 7.7 Hz). 562 ESI+: 422 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 0.85-1.09 (2H, m), 1.62-1.76 (3H, m), 2.38-2.59 (2H, m), 2.87-2.97 (1H, m), 3.27 (3H, s), 3.58-3.65 (2H, m), 3.72-3.80 (1H, m), 3.93-4.11 (4H, m), 4.20 (2H, m), 4.30-4.38 (1H, m), 5.00 (2H, s), 6.45-6.52 (1H, m), 6.68-6.74 (1H, m), 6.97 (1H, t, J = 7.7 Hz). 563 ESI+: 436 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 0.83-1.05 (2H, m), 1.60-1.75 (3H, m), 2.37-2.58 (4H, m), 2.90-3.00 (1H, m), 3.22 (3H, s), 3.53 (2H, t, J = 6.4 Hz), 3.58-3.65 (2H, m), 3.85-3.92 (1H, m), 3.93-4.01 (2H, m), 4.18 (1H, s), 4.34-4.42 (1H, m), 4.98 (2H, s), 6.45-6.50 (1H, m), 6.67-6.73 (1H, m), 6.97 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz). 564 ESI+: 428 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 1.08-1.19 (2H, m), 1.53-1.64 (1H, m), 1.70-1.80 (2H, m), 2.41-2.51 (2H, m), 2.62-2.72 (2H, m), 2.84 (3H, s), 3.53-3.65 (4H, m), 3.94-4.01 (2H, m), 4.18 (1H, s), 4.98 (1H, s), 6.44-6.52 (1H, m), 6.67-6.73 (1H, m), 6.97 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz). 565 ESI+: 447 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.05-3.12 (4H, m), 3.28 (3H, s), 3.41-3.47 (4H, m), 3.59-3.63 (2H, m), 4.18 (1H, s), 4.28-4.33 (2H, m), 5.04 (2H, s), 6.19 (1H, d, J = 2.2 Hz), 6.59-6.63 (1H, m), 6.98-713 (3H, m), 7.81 (1H, d, J = 6.1 Hz).

TABLE 141 Ex Data 566 ESI+: 417 NMR-DMSO-d₆: 3.10-3.15 (4H, m), 3.36 (3H, s), 3.49-3.55 (4H, m), 4.15 (2H, s), 4.39 (2H, s), 5.04 (2H, s), 6.82-6.86 (1H, m), 6.91 (1H, d, J = 2.4 Hz), 7.00-7.14 (3H, m), 8.15 (1H, d, J = 6.1 Hz). 567 ESI+: 392 NMR-DMSO-d6: 0.81-1.09 (2H, m), 1.59-1.75 (3H, m), 1.98 (3H, s), 2.39-2.52 (2H, m), 2.93-3.03 (1H, m), 3.58-3.65 (2H, m), 3.77-3.85 (1H, m), 3.93-4.01 (2H, m), 4.21 (2H, s), 4.34-4.42 (1H, m), 5.01 (2H, s), 6.46-6.52 (1H, m), 6.69-6.74 (1H, m), 6.97 (1H, t, J = 7.8 Hz).

The compounds of Preparation Examples shown in the tables below were prepared using the respective corresponding starting materials in the same manner as the methods of Preparation Examples above. The structures, the preparation methods, and the physicochemical data for the compounds of Preparation Examples are shown in the tables below.

TABLE 142 Rf Syn Structure 843 R12 

844 R845

845 R845

846 R70 

847 R847

848 R806

849 R806

850 R806

851 R807

852 R809

853 R853

854 R853

855 R855

856 R855

TABLE 143 Rf Syn Structure 857 R857

858 R859

859 R859

860 R860

861 R228

862 R228

863 R228

864 R228

865 R228

866 R228

867 R228

868 R228

TABLE 144 Rf Syn Structure 869 R285

870 R285

871 R285

872 R285

873 R285

874 R285

875 R285

876 R285

877 R285

878 R285

879 R285

880 R285

881 R285

882 R285

TABLE 145 Rf Syn Structure 883 R285

884 R285

885 R285

886 R285

887 R285

888 R285

889 R285

890 R285

891 R285

892 R285

893 R893

894 R894

895 R894

896 R821

897 R821

898 R821

TABLE 146 Rf Syn Structure 899 R821

900 R821

901 R821

902 R821

903 R821

904 R821

905 R821

906 R821

907 R821

908 R821

909 R821

910 R821

911 R343

912 R343

913 R376

914 R376

TABLE 147 Rf Syn Structure 915 R376

916 R376

917 R376

918 R376

919 R478

920 R518

921 R574

922 R922

923 R922

924 R581

925 R581

926 R926

927 R926

928 R584

929 R584

930 R603

TABLE 148 Rf Syn Structure 931 R603

932 R663

933 R677

934 R680

935 R686

936 R712

937 R712

938 R938

939 R758

940 R758

941 R772

TABLE 149 Rf Data 843 ESI+: 164 844 ESI+: 430 845 ESI+: 416 846 APCI/ESI+: 317 847 ESI+: 265 848 ESI+: 156, 158 849 ESI+: 168, 170 850 ESI+: 158, 160 851 ESI+: 304 852 ESI+: 232 853 ESI+: 318 854 ESI+: 332 855 ESI+: 190 856 ESI+: 218 857 NMR-CDCl₃: 1.44 (9H, s), 1.51 (3H, s), 3.81-3.87 (4H, m) 858 APCI/ESI+: 354 859 APCI/ESI+: 368 860 ESI+: 150 861 ESI+: 474 862 ESI+: 403 863 ESI+: 441 864 ESI+: 455 865 APCI/ESI+: 455 866 APCI/ESI+: 387 867 ESI+: 398 868 APCI/ESI+: 401 869 ESI+: 303 870 ESI+: 303 871 ESI+: 331 872 ESI+: 331 873 ESI+: 331 874 ESI+: 303 875 ESI+: 317

TABLE 150 Rf Data 876 ESI+: 329 877 ESI+: 319 878 ESI+: 347 879 ESI+: 372 880 ESI+: 386 881 ESI+: 402 882 ESI+: 416 883 ESI+: 333 884 ESI+: 347 885 ESI+: 314 886 ESI+: 342 887 ESI+: 317 888 ESI+: 317 889 ESI+: 356 890 ESI+: 356 891 ESI+: 317 892 ESI+: 356 893 ESI+: 326 894 ESI+: 374 895 ESI+: 388 896 ESI+: 205 897 ESI+: 179 898 ESI+: 179 899 ESI+: 207 900 ESI+: 207 901 ESI+: 179 902 ESI+: 207 903 ESI+: 193 904 ESI+: 195 905 ESI+: 223 906 ESI+: 193 907 ESI+: 193 908 ESI+: 232 909 ESI+: 232

TABLE 151 Rf Data 910 ESI+: 193 911 ESI+: 400 912 ESI+: 428 913 ESI+: 360 914 ESI+: 289 915 ESI+: 327 916 ESI+: 341 917 APCI/ESI+: 273 918 APCI/ESI+: 287 919 NMR-CDCl₃: 1.80 (1H, br), 3.26 (2H, t, J = 5 Hz), 3.73 (2H, s), 3.77 (2H, t, J = 5 920 APCI/ESI+: 341 921 ESI+: 404 922 ESI+: 209 923 ESI+: 223 924 APCI/ESI+: 247 925 APCI/ESI+: 261 926 ESI+: 303 927 ESI+: 361 928 ESI+: 140 929 ESI+: 138 930 APCI/ESI+: 249 931 APCI/ESI+: 263 932 ESI+: 166 933 ESI+: 336 934 ESI+: 335 935 ESI+: 337 936 APCI/ESI+: 149 937 APCI/ESI+: 163 938 ESI+: 319 939 ESI+: 388 940 ESI+: 402 941 ESI+: 369

The compounds of Examples shown in the tables below were prepared using the respective corresponding starting materials in the same manner as the methods of Examples above. The structures, the preparation methods, and the physicochemical data for the compounds of Examples are shown in the tables below.

TABLE 152 Ex Syn Structure 568 568

569  3

570 112

571 112

572 112

573 112

574 112

575 112

576 112

577 112

578 112

579 112

580 112

581 112

582 112

583 112

TABLE 153 Ex Syn Structure 584 112

585 112

586 112

587 588

588 588

589 112

590 112

591 112

592 112

593 112

594 112

595 112

596 112

597 112

598 112

599 112

TABLE 154 Ex Syn Structure 600 112

601 112

602 112

603 112

604 112

605 112

606 112

607 112

608 112

609 112

610 112

611 112

612 112

613 112

TABLE 155 Ex Syn Structure 614 112

615 615

616 615

617  3

618 112

619 619

620 619

621 619

622 619

623 619

TABLE 156 Ex Data 568 ESI+: 389 569 APCI/ESI+: 426 570 APCI/ESI+: 358 571 APCI/ESI+: 372 572 ESI+: 388 573 ESI+: 388 574 ESI+: 416 575 ESI+: 416 576 ESI+: 416 577 ESI+: 388 578 ESI+: 403 579 ESI+: 374 580 ESI+: 402 581 ESI+: 414 582 ESI+: 404 583 ESI+: 432 584 ESI+: 412 585 ESI+: 457 586 ESI+: 471 587 ESI+: 487 588 ESI+: 501 589 ESI+: 485 590 ESI+: 513 591 ESI+: 418 592 ESI+: 432 593 ESI+: 459 594 ESI+: 473 595 ESI+: 487 596 ESI+: 501 597 ESI+: 473 598 ESI+: 487 599 ESI+: 390 600 ESI+: 426

TABLE 157 Ex Data 601 ESI+: 417 602 ESI+: 388 603 ESI+: 404 604 ESI+: 399 605 ESI+: 427 606 ESI+: 402 607 ESI+: 402 608 ESI+: 441 609 ESI+: 441 610 ESI+: 402 611 ESI+: 441 612 ESI+: 422 613 ESI+: 454 614 ESI+: 421 615 ESI+: 376 616 ESI+: 390 617 ESI+: 445 618 ESI+: 420 619 ESI+: 375 DSC endothermic onset temperature: 197.4° C. 620 ESI+: 359 DSC endothermic onset temperature: 184.7° C. 621 ESI+: 387 DSC endothermic onset temperature: 173.0° C. 622 ESI+: 417 DSC endothermic onset temperature: 207.8° C. 623 ESI+: 445 DSC endothermic onset temperature: 204.0° C.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof has a VAP-1 inhibitory action, and can be used as an agent for preventing and/or treating VAP-1 related diseases. 

1-29. (canceled) 30: A compound of formula (I):

wherein A is

Q¹ is a single bond or CR^(Q11)R^(Q12), Q³ is CR^(Q31) or N, Q⁵ is a single bond or (CR^(Q51)R^(Q52))_(a), Q⁶ is CR^(Q61) or N, in which either one of Q³ and Q⁶ is N, R^(Q11), R^(Q12), R^(Q21), R^(Q22), R^(Q31), R^(Q41), R^(Q42), R^(Q51), R^(Q52) and R^(Q61) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, or lower alkyl, or R^(Q51) and R^(Q61) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or R^(Q11) and R^(Q12) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), a is 1, or 2, R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same as or different from each other, and are H, halogen, or lower alkyl, E is a single bond, G is a single bond, J is a single bond, L is O or NH, N(lower alkyl), U is a single bond or O, V is a single bond or lower alkylene which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O), W is a single bond, X is H, OH, NH₂, lower alkyl which may be substituted with halogen, O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O))₂, NH—SO₂— (lower alkyl), N(lower alkyl) —SO₂— (lower alkyl), cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA1) below, O— (cycloalkyl), cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA1) below, aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA1) below, O— (aryl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XA1) below, and G^(XA1) is i) halogen, ii) OH, iii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, aryl, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O)); NH₂; NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH); N(lower alkyl)₂; NH(cycloalkyl); NH(hetero ring group); cycloalkyl which may be substituted with OH; aryl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), COOH, or COO— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl); hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), oxo (═O), NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), or lower alkyl; and oxo (═O), iv) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), aryl, hetero ring group(s) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)), or oxo (═O)), v) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)), vi) N(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═OO))₂, vii) NH— (aryl which may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)), viii) cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH; COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl), ix) aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of halogen; lower alkyl (in which the lower alkyl may be substituted with COOH or COO— (lower alkyl)); O— (lower alkyl); COOH; and COO— (lower alkyl), x) hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O), xi) O— (hetero ring group), xii) SO₂— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), xiii) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), xiv) SO₂— (aryl), xv) NHSO₂— (lower alkyl), or xvi) oxo (═O); or a salt of said compound. 31: The compound or a salt of said compound according to claim 30, wherein A is

Q¹ is a single bond or CR^(Q11)R^(Q12), Q³ is CR^(Q31) or N, Q⁵ is a single bond or (CR^(Q51)R^(Q52))_(a), Q⁶ is CR^(Q61) or N, in which either one of Q³ and Q⁶ is N, R^(Q11), R^(Q12), R^(Q21), R^(Q22), R^(Q31), R^(Q41), R^(Q42), R^(Q51), R^(Q52) and R^(Q61) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, or R^(Q51) and R^(Q61) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or R^(Q11) and R^(Q12) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), and a is 1, R¹, R², R³ and R⁴ are the same as or different from each other, and are H or halogen, L is O, X is H, lower alkyl, O— (lower alkyl), cycloalkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC1) below, cycloalkenyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC1) below, aryl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC1) below, or a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from Group G^(XC1) below, and G^(XC1) is i) OH, ii) lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O), iii) O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl), aryl, hetero ring group(s) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O)), or oxo (═O)), iv) NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O)), v) cycloalkyl, vl) hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O); O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)); and oxo (═O), vii) O— (hetero ring group), viii) SO₂— (lower alkyl), ix) SO₂— (cycloalkyl), or x) oxo (═O); or a salt of said compound. 32: The compound or a salt of said compound according to claim 31, wherein X is H, lower alkyl, or O— (lower alkyl), or X is

T¹ is a single bond, CR^(T11)R^(T12), or NR^(T13), T³ is CR^(T31) or N, T⁵ is a single bond or CR^(T51)R^(T52), T⁶ is a single bond, CR^(T61)R^(T62), O, or NR^(T63), R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T13), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T61), R^(T62) and R^(T63) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, OH, lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O), O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with aryl or oxo (═O)), a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxo (═O); and oxo (═O), SO₂—(lower alkyl), or SO₂—(cycloalkyl), or R^(T21) and R^(T31), or R^(T41) and R^(T51) may be combined with each other to form a new bond, or R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), or X is

T¹ is CR^(T12) or N, T² is CR^(T22) or N, T⁴ is CR^(T42), or N, T⁵ is CR^(T52) or N, T⁶ is CR^(T62) or N, R^(T12), R^(T22), R^(T42), R^(T52) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are H, lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH, O— (lower alkyl), or oxo (═O), O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or hetero ring group(s) (in which the hetero ring group may be substituted with lower alkyl which may be substituted with cycloalkyl or oxo (═O))), NH— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), cycloalkyl, a hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of OH; halogen; lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl) or oxo (═O); and O— (lower alkyl which may be substituted with O— (lower alkyl)), or O— (hetero ring group), or X is thiazolyl which may be substituted with morpholinyl or NH(lower alkyl which may be substituted with oxo (═O)), benzothiazolyl, or imidazo[1,2-a]pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl; or a salt of said compound. 33: The compound or a salt of said compound according to claim 32, wherein Q¹ is a single bond, Q³ is N, Q⁵ is a single bond, Q⁶ is CR^(Q61), X is

T¹ is CR^(T11)R^(T12), or NR^(T13), T³ is CR^(T31), T⁵ is CR^(T51)R^(T52), T⁶ is CR^(T61)R^(T62), or NR^(T63), R^(T11), R^(T12), R^(T13), R^(T21), R^(T22), R^(T31), R^(T41), R^(T42), R^(T51), R^(T52), R^(T61) and R^(T62) are the same as or different from each other, and are H or lower alkyl, or R^(T61) and R^(T62) may be combined with each other to form oxo (═O), R^(T63) is lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of O— (lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; and oxo (═O), a monocyclic hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxo (═O); and oxo (═O), SO₂—(lower alkyl), or SO₂—(cycloalkyl), or R^(T21) and R^(T31), or R^(T41) and R^(T51) may be combined with each other to form a new bond; or a salt of said compound. 34: The compound or a salt of said compound according to claim 33, wherein R^(T63) is lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of O— (lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cycloalkyl; nitrogen-containing monocyclic unsaturated hetero ring group(s) which may be substituted with lower alkyl; monocyclic saturated hetero ring group(s); and oxo (═O), a nitrogen-containing monocyclic hetero ring group which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxo (═O); and oxo (═O), SO₂—(lower alkyl), or SO₂—(cycloalkyl); or a salt of said compound. 35: The compound or a salt of said compound according to claim 34, wherein R^(T63) is lower alkyl which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of O— (lower alkyl); N(lower alkyl)₂; cyclopropyl; pyridyl which may be substituted with lower alkyl; tetrahydropyranyl; and oxo (═O), 1,2-dihydropyridyl or pyridyl, each of which may be substituted with group(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkyl which may be substituted with OH or oxo (═O); and oxo (═O), SO₂—(lower alkyl), or SO₂—(cyclopropyl); or a salt of said compound. 36: The compound or a salt of said compound according to claim 30, which is selected from the group consisting of 2-fluoro-3-{3-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)oxy]azetidin-1-yl}benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate, 2-fluoro-3-{3-[(1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)oxy]azetidin-1-yl}benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate, and 3-[3-(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)azetidin-1-yl]-2-fluorobenzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate, or a salt of said compound. 37: The compound or a salt of said compound according to claim 36, which is 2-fluoro-3-{3-[(1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)oxy]azetidin-1-yl}benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate or a salt of said compound. 38: The compound or a salt of said compound according to claim 36, which is 2-fluoro-3-{3-[(6-methylpyridin-3-yl)oxy]azetidin-1-yl}benzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate or a salt of said compound. 39: The compound or a salt of said compound according to claim 36, which is 3-[3-(1-acetylpiperidin-4-yl)azetidin-1-yl]-2-fluorobenzyl carbamimidoylcarbamate or a salt of said compound. 40: A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound according to claim 36 or a salt of said compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. 41: A method for treating diabetic nephropathy or diabetic macular edema in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of the compound according to claim 36 or a salt of said compound. 42: A method for treating diabetic nephropathy in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of the compound according to claim 36 or a salt of said compound. 43: A method for treating diabetic macular edema in a patient in need thereof, comprising administering to said patient an effective amount of the compound according to claim 36 or a salt of said compound. 